Soft Computing

Fuzzy Relations

Prof. Debasis Samanta

Department of Computer Science & Engineering
IIT Kharagpur

1
Fuzzy Relations

• Crisp relations
• Operations on crisp relations
• Examples on crisp relations
• Fuzzy relations
• Operations on fuzzy relations
• Examples on fuzzy relations
Debasis Samanta
CSE
2
IIT Kharagpur
Crisp relations
 
• Order pairs:
Suppose, A and B are two (crisp) sets. Then Cartesian product denoted as
is a collection of order pairs, such that

Note :
(1) (2)
(3) provides a mapping from to .

A particular mapping so mentioned is called a relation.

Debasis Samanta
CSE
3
IIT Kharagpur
Crisp relations
 
Example:
Consider the two crisp sets and as given below.
}.

Then, ,

Let us define a relation as }

Then, in this case.

Debasis Samanta
CSE
4
IIT Kharagpur
Crisp relations
 
We can represent the relation in a matrix form as follows.

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CSE
5
IIT Kharagpur
Operations on crisp relations
 Suppose, and are the two relations defined over two crisp sets and

• Union:

• Intersection:

• Complement:

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CSE
6
IIT Kharagpur
Example: Operations on crisp relations
 Suppose, and are the two relations defined over two crisp sets and

Find the following

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CSE
7
IIT Kharagpur
Composition of two crisp relations
 Given is a relation on and is another relation on . Then, is called a composition
of relation on and which is defined as follows.

Max-Min Composition
Given the two relation matrices and , the max-min composition is defined as ;

Debasis Samanta
CSE
8
IIT Kharagpur
Composition: Composition
 Example : Given

Here, and is on .
Thus, we have

Using max-min composition

Debasis Samanta
CSE
9
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy relations
 • Fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set defined on the Cartesian product of crisp set

• Here, n-tuples may have varying degree of memberships within the

relationship.

• The membership values indicate the strength of the relation between the
tuples.

Debasis Samanta
CSE
10
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy relations
 
Example:

The fuzzy relation is defined as

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IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy Cartesian product
 
Suppose
• is a fuzzy set on the universe of discourse with
• is a fuzzy set on the universe of discourse with

Then ; where has its membership function given by

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CSE
12
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy Cartesian product
 
Example :
and

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CSE
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IIT Kharagpur
Operations on Fuzzy relations
 
Let and be two fuzzy relations on .
• Union:
• Intersection:
• Complement:
• Composition:

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CSE
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IIT Kharagpur
Operations on Fuzzy relations: Example
 
Example :

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CSE
15
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy relation : An example
 
Consider the following two sets and which represent a set of paddy plants and a set of
plant diseases. More precisely
a set of four varieties of paddy plants
of the four various diseases affecting the plants.
In addition to these, also consider another set be the common symptoms of the diseases.
Let, be a relation on , representing which plant is susceptible to which diseases, which is
stated as

Debasis Samanta
CSE
16
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy relation : An example
 Also, consider be the another relation on , which is given by

Obtain the association of plants with the different symptoms of the disease using
max-min composition.
Hint: Find , and verify that

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CSE
17
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy relation : Another example
 Let, is relevant to
and is relevant to
be two fuzzy relations defined on and , respectively, where , and Assume
that and can be expressed with the following relation matrices :

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CSE
18
IIT Kharagpur
Fuzzy relation : Another example
 Now, we want to find , which can be interpreted as a derived fuzzy relation is
relevant to .
Suppose, we are only interested in the degree of relevance between and . Then,
using max-min composition,

R s


1

 a
2

 b
3

Debasis Samanta
CSE
19
IIT Kharagpur
2D Membership functions : Binary fuzzy
relations
 (Binary) fuzzy relations are fuzzy sets which map each element in to a
membership grade between 0 and 1 (both inclusive).
Note that a membership function of a binary fuzzy relation can be depicted with
a 3D plot.

Important: Binary fuzzy relations are fuzzy sets with two dimensional MFs and
so on.

Debasis Samanta
CSE
20
IIT Kharagpur
2D membership function : An example
 Let(the positive real line) and
is much greater than
The membership function of is defined as

Suppose, and , then

Debasis Samanta
CSE
21
IIT Kharagpur
Example:
 How you can derive the following?
If x is A or y is B then z is C;
Given that
• R1: If x is A then z is
• R2: If y is B then z is
Hint:
 You have given two relations R1 and R2.
 Then, the required can be derived using the union operation of R1
and R2

Debasis Samanta
CSE
22
IIT Kharagpur
Thank You!!

Debasis Samanta
CSE
23
IIT Kharagpur