BIT 10103

INTRODUCTION
TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

1
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTERS

2
Topical Outcomes
Identify
Identify 55 (FIVE)
(FIVE) components
components of
of computer
computer system
system

Describe
Describe orally
orally 22 (TWO)
(TWO) major
major application
application of
of computer
computer
system
system

Distinguish
Distinguish types
types of
of computer
computer and
and its
its application
application

3
 A World of Computers
What is computer literacy (digital
literacy)?
Current knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses
 Computers are everywhere

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 What Is a
Computer?
How is a computer defined?
 Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into

Accepts data information
Collection of
Conveys meaning and is
unprocessed items
useful to people

Produces and stores results

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What is the information processing cycle?

 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
 Communication

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 The Components of a Computer
What is an
input device?
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

i. Keyboard
ii. Mouse
iii. Microphone
iv. Scanner
v. Digital camera
vi. Web cam
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 The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people

i. Printer
ii. Monitor
iii. Speakers
iv. Portable
media player

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 The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
 Case that contains
the electronic
components of the
computer that are
used to process data

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 The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the
motherboard?
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions
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 The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
Storage
Storagemedia
media
Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored––USB
USBflash
flashdrives,
drives,
hard
harddisks,
disks,CSs,
CSs,DVDs
DVDsand andmemory
memorycards
cards

Storage
Storagedevice
device
Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
storage
storagemedia
media––DVD
DVDdrive,
drive,USB
USBflash
flashdrive
drive

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 The Components of a Computer

What is a communications device?

Hardware
Hardwarecomponent
componentthatthat
enables
enablesaacomputer
computerto to
send
sendand
andreceive
receivedata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
information

Occurs
Occursover
overcables,
cables,telephone
telephone
lines,
lines,cellular
cellularradio
radionetworks,
networks,
satellites,
satellites,and
andother
other
transmission
transmissionmedia
media

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Advantages Using
Computers

Speed Reliability Consistency

Storage Communications

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 Advantages Using
Computers
SPEED when data, instructions and
information flow along electronics
circuits in a computer, they travel
at incredibly fast speeds.
RELIABILITY the electronics components in
modern computers are dependable
& reliable because they rarely
break or fail.
CONSISTENCY given the same input & processes ,
a computer will produce the same
results.
STORAGE a computer can transfer data
quickly from storage to memory,
process it & then store it again for
future use. 14
Disadvantages of Using
Computers

Violation of
Public Safety
Privacy

Impact on Impact on
Health Risks
Labor Force Environment

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 Disadvantages of Using
Computers
Health prolonged or improper computer use can lead
Risks to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists,
elbows, eyes, neck and back.
Violation personal and confidential records were not
of Privacy protected properly .
Public innocent of computer users have fallen victim
Safety to crimes committed by dangerous strangers.

Impact on the skills of million of employees have been

Labor replaced by computers.
Force
Impact on computer manufacturing processes and
Environme computer waste are depleting natural
nt resources and polluting the environment.
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 Elements of an Information
System
Hardwar Hardware resources include all physical devices
e and materials used in information processing – ex:
input devices or output devices.
Software Software resources include all sets of information
processing
instructions – ex: system software or application
software.
Data The data resources of information systems are
typically organized into databases.
People People are required for the operation of all
information systems. These people resources
include end users and IS specialists.

Procedur Telecommunications networks like the Internet,

es intranets, and extranets have become essential to
the successful electronic business and commerce 17
How the Elements of an IS in an
Enterprise Might Interact

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 Categories of Computers
Personal Computers – Desktop & Notebook

Mobile Computers and

Mobile Devices

Game Consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers

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Popular Styles of Personal Computers
What are the two most popular styles of
personal computers?
 PC and compatibles  Apple Macintosh
use the Windows usually uses the
operating system Macintosh operating
system (Mac OS X)

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 Types of Personal
Computers
What is a desktop computer?
 Designed so all of the components fit entirely on
or under a desk or table

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Types of Personal Computers /
Mobile Computers
What is a notebook
computer?
 Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
 Also called a laptop
computer
 Usually more expensive
than a desktop computer
with equal capabilities

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 Mobile
Computers
What is a Tablet PC?
 Resembles a letter-sized slate
 Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
 Especially useful for taking
notes

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 Mobile
Devices

Small
Small enough
enough toto
carry
carry in
in aa pocket
pocket Internet-enabled
Internet-enabled
telephone
telephone is
is aa
“smart
“smart phone”
phone”

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 Mobile
Devices
What is a handheld computer?

Used
Small by mobile
enough to fit employees such as
in one meter readers and
hand delivery people

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 Mobile
Devices
What is a personal digital assistant
(PDA)?
 Provides personal organizer
functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad

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 Mobile
Devices
What are smart phones? – Internet-
enabled phone that usually also
provides PDA capabilities

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 Game
Consoles
Mobile computing device designed for
single-player or multiplayer video games

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 Server
What types ofsservers are there?
Server
- A server controls access to the hardware,
software, and other resources on a network
and provides a centralized storage area for
programs, data, and information.

- Servers can support 2 or several

thousand connected computers at the
same time.

- one server accesses data, information,

and programs on another server.

- people use personal computers or

terminals to access data, information, and
programs on a server.
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 What types of servers are there?
 Mainframe
- Very powerful, expensive computer that supports
thousands of connected users simultaneously.
 Major corporations use mainframes for storing
tremendous amounts of data, instructions and
information.
 With mainframes, large businesses are able to bill
millions of customers, prepare payroll for thousands of
employees, and manage thousands of items in
inventory.
 Mainframes also can act as servers in a network
environment. Servers and other mainframes can access
data and information from a mainframe.
 People also can access programs on the mainframe
using terminals or personal computers.

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 What types of servers are there?

• Supercomputer
-The fastest, most
powerful, most
expensive computer.

-Used for
applications
requiring complex
mathematical
calculations
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 Embedded
Computers
 A special computer that functions as a
component in a larger product

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 Products Contain Embedded Computers
 Consumer Electronics: mobile and digital
telephones, digital telephones, digital televisions,
cameras, video recorders, DVD players and
recorders answering machines.
 Home Automation Devices: thermostats,
sprinklings systems, security monitoring systems,
appliances and lights.
 Automobiles: antilock brakes, engine control
modules, airbag controller and cruise control.
 Process Controllers and Robotics: remote
monitoring systems, power monitors, machine
controllers and medical devices.
 Computer Devices and Office Machines:
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 Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?
 Education
 Finance
 Government
 Health Care
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Manufacturing

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 THE END
Identify
Identify 55 (FIVE)
(FIVE) components
components of
of computer
computer system
system

Describe
Describe orally
orally 22 (TWO)
(TWO) major
major application
application of
of computer
computer
system
system

Distinguish
Distinguish types
types of
of computer
computer and
and its
its application
application

Relate
Relate 66 (SIX)
(SIX) main
main elements
elements ofof information
information systems
systems by
by
using
using aa diagram
diagram

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