PC MANAGED, HOME

AUTOMATION SYSTEM
USING EMBEDDED
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by:
K. SATHISHKUMAR
B. TECH IT
II-YEAR
CONTENTS:
● Project overview
● Block diagram
● Power supply
● Microcontroller
● MAX232 & DB9 Connector
● Relay
● Relay driver
● Software requirements
● Schematic & Working of the project
● Advantages
● Applications
● Future scope
● Conclusion
 PROJECT OVERVIEW
● This project constitutes external load for home
applications controlled with the help of PC.
● An Embedded project is a combination of hardware
and software, designed to perform a specific task.
● In embedded technology, the embedded programming
is burnt into the microcontroller.
● PC is connected to microcontroller through a level
shifter IC, ULN2003 (Driver) is used to drive the relays,
and from relays we can connect external devices.
● MAX-232 is used as voltage level shifter because PC
voltage levels and microcontroller voltage levels are
different. DB9 (RS-232) connector is used to connect
to PC com port.
● It can also manage a new economical solution of
theater light control systems.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
Step down transformer Bridge rectifier Filter Regulator
CONTD..
● The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V AC using a step down transformer.
● This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier.
● The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor and given to the input pin of voltage
regulator 7805.
● At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V DC which is used for MC and other ICs in
this project.
MICROCONTROLLER
● It is a smaller computer
● Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU RAM ROM

A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM Microcontroller
Port
Port
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MC
⦿ External interrupts
⦿ On- ⦿ Timer/Count
chip er
⦿ Interr ROM ⦿ On- ⦿ Timer ⦿ Coun
upt for chip 1 ter
Contr progra RA ⦿ Timer Input
ol m code M 0 s

⦿ CPU

⦿ Bus ⦿ Se
⦿ 4 I/O ria
⦿ OSC Contr Ports
ol l
Po
rt
⦿ P0 P1 P2 ⦿ TxD
P3 RxD
⦿ Address/Dat
FEATURES OF MC
● 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
● 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
● Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
● 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
● 32 Programmable I/O Lines
● Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
● Eight Interrupt Sources
● Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
PIN DESCRIPTION
POWER ON RESET CIRCUIT
+5V

+
10 uF
31
EA/VPP
X1
30 pF 19
11.0592 MHz
8.2 K
X2
18
30 pF
9 RST
 MAX-232
● The MAX232 is an integrated
circuit that converts signals from an
RS-232serial port to signals
suitable for use in TTL compatible
digital logic circuits.
● The MAX232 is a dual
driver/receiver and typically
converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS
signals .
● When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL
level to convert, it changes a TTL
Logic 0 to between +3 and +15V,
and changes TTL Logic 1 to
between -3 to -15V, and vice versa
for converting from RS232 to TTL.
DB9 CONNECTOR
● The DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature connector
family.
RELAY
● A relay is an electrically operated switch.
● Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever
and changes the switch contacts.
● The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and have double throw
(changeover) switch contacts as shown in the diagram.
CONTD..
● Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the
first.
● For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit.
● There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits, the link is magnetic
and mechanical.
● To drive relay through MC ULN2003 relay driver IC is used
RELAY DRIVER ULN2003
● ULN is Relay driver application
● The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current Darlington transistor arrays.
● It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that features high-voltage outputs with common-
cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads.
● The collector-current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500mA.
● The Darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability.
CONTD..
● The ULN functions as an inverter.
● If the logic at input 1B is high then the
output at its corresponding pin 1C will be
low.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
● Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro
assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators,
integrated environments, evaluation boards, and
emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3,
XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
● Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level
Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an
output object code for the underlying microprocessor,
but not for other microprocessors.
CONTD..
● i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile
the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86
(underlying microprocessor in the computer).
● For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the
Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a
compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code
into object code.
WORKING OF PROJECT
● The project uses a PC to control the loads.
● The commands are received by the micro controller through level shifted IC Max232.
● When the program is executed, it drives relay from the microcontroller through relay driver IC
ULN2003.
● Load’s are switched ON and switched OFF based on the corresponding command sent from the
keyboard through hyperterminal.
● As per the program, the loads will be turned ON and OFF through the relays.