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A. Cortex
B. Medulla
C. Pelvis
Kidneys (Internal Anatomy)
A. Cortex
– Superficial region
B. Inner medulla
– Renal pyramids – cone
shaped structures that
make up the medulla.
C. Pelvis
• Renal vein - drainage of interlobar veins. Exits the kidney at the hilum
empties into inferior vena cava.
Kidneys (Blood Supply)
Kidneys (Histology)
Kidneys (Histology)
Nephron
• Histological and functional unit
of the kidney.
• Juxtamedullary nephron –
nephrons whose renal
corpuscles lie near the
medulla. With long loops of
Henle extending deep into the
medulla, account for 15% of
nephrons.
Filtration membrane
Collecting ducts –
connection of many distal
tubules of many
nephrons. Forms much
of the medullary rays and
extend through the
medulla towards the tips
of the renal pyramids.
Urine Production
• Water reabsorption
– Obligatory due to osmotic
gradient created by Na+
reabsorption
Urine Production
(Reabsorption)
• Glucose reabsorption
– secondary active transport
or cotransport
Urine Production
(Reabsorption)
Urine Production
(Reabsorption)
• Proximal convoluted tubule
– Highest concentration of reabsortion
– NaCl and H2O
• Loop of Henle
– NaCl and H2Oreabsorption will be crucial for the creation of an
osmotic gradient between the renal cortex and renal medulla.
• DCT
– NaCl and H2O reabsorption influenced by the presence of
aldosterone.
• Collecting duct
– reabsorption of H2O due to ADH
Urine Production (Secretion)
2. Filtration Pressure
3. Filtration Membrane
Thinking back…
Thinking new!
Urine Concentration
• Osmolarity
– A solution's osmolarity is
the number of solute
particles dissolved in the
volume of solvent.
– It's indicative of the
solution's ability to cause
osmosis.
– Normal plasma osmolality:
300 milliosmoles per liter
Urine Concentration
• Histology: Transitional
epithelium with smooth
muscles and a fibrous
adventitia
Urinary Bladder
• A thin walled muscular tube which drains the urine out from
the bladder
• Histology:
– Proximal, transitional epithelium
– Middle, pseudostratified columnar epthelium
– Distlally, stratified squamous
• Sphincters
– Internal – junction between the bladder and urethra (involuntary)
– Extrenal - voluntary
Urethra
END