Welcome to a Seminar on

 3D PRINTING PROCESS AND ITS

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
by
Mr. JAID AMIT POPAT
Roll No : 302119
Exam Seat No: T120230915

Prof. P.B. OSTWAL

Guide

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 What is “Printing”?
What is “3d printing”?
• Printing is a process for reproducing
text and images, typically with ink on
paper using a print press.
• A method of Additive Manufacturing
that adds material to an object layer by
layer to create the final product.

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 Different methods of 3D printing:
•Stereo lithography
•Selective laser sintering (SLS)
•Fused deposition modelling (FDM)
•Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL)
•Inkjet manufacturing

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 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Stereo lithography is an additive manufacturing
process using a liquid UV curable photopolymer
resin and a UV laser to build a parts a layer at a
time.

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 SLS method
Selective laser sintering is an additive
manufacturing technique that uses a high power
laser to fuse small particles of plastic, metal,
ceramic into a mass that has a desired 3D shape.

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 FDM
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive
manufacturing process commonly used for
modelling, prototyping, and production applications.

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 Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL)
Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL) is a technique
wherein layers of adhesive coated paper, plastic or
metal laminates are glued together by application of
pressure and cut to shape by cutter (Tungsten carbide
blade )

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 How does the process work?
First of all it is necessary to create a computer model for
printing the object. For doing this computer aided
software like AutoCad, 3DS Max, 3D Scanner can be
used. CAD output is in form of electronic files. After the
object file is created, the file needs to be modified. The
object file contains numerous amount of curves which

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 How does the process work?
-cannot be printed directly by the printer. The curve has
to be converted to STL (Stereo lithography) file format.
The STL file format removes all the curves and it is
replaced with linear shapes. Then the file needs to be
sliced into layer by layer. The layer thickness is so
chosen to meet the resolution of 3D printer that we are
using. The sliced file is then processed and generates
the special coordinates. These coordinates can be
processed by a controller to generate required signal to
the motor for driving extruder. This layer by layer
generates a complete object.

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 Working process
The entire cycle have following stages :
(a) Preparation Stage
(b)Printing Stage
(c) De-powdering Stage

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 Working process
(a) Preparation Stage:
•The process starts when your setup is ready and
you click “3d print”.
•After this command the air inside the printer
starts getting warmer to create optimum
environment.
•Simultaneously it fills the “Build chamber” with
1/8 inch layer powder (so that finished parts rest
on it)

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 Working process
(b) Printing Stage:
•On completion of pre-build stage, the printer now begins
printing the layers.4
•The machine deposits 0.1 mm thick layer of powder from
the ‘hopper’.
•The ‘Print Carriage’ then moves across this layer
depositing the binder which solidifies the powder in that
section of model.
•Then powdered bed is lowered by 0.1 mm for preparation
of next layer
•The process repeats until the model is complete.

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 Working process
(c) De-powdering Stage:
•When model is finished , it is suspended in the
powder to cure.
•At the end of curing time, the machine then
automatically removes most of the powder
around the model by vacuum pressure.

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 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF 3D PRINTING:
Table 1- AM technology’s opportunities and limitations from a technological perspective.

Opportunities: Limitations:

Direct digital manufacturing of 3D -Solution space limited to ‘printable’

product designs without the need for tools materials (e.g., no combined materials)
or molds. and by size of build space.
Change of product designs without cost Quality issues of produced parts: limited
penalty in manufacturing. reproducibility of parts, missing resistance
to environmental influences.

Increase of design complexity (e.g., Significant efforts are still needed for
lightweight designs or integrated cooling surface finishing.
chambers) without cost penalty in
manufacturing.

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 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF 3D PRINTING:
Continued- Technological characteristics of AM:
Table 1- AM technology’s opportunities and limitations from a technological perspective.

Opportunities: Limitations:

High manufacturing flexibility: objects Lacking design tools and guidelines to

can be produced in any random order fully exploit possibilities of AM.
without cost penalty.

Production of functionally integrated Low production throughput speed.

designs in one-step.

Less scrap and fewer raw materials Skilled labor and strong experience
required. needed.

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CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF 3D
PRINTING
Aerospace Sector:
Because of the critical nature of aircraft development, the R&D is
demanding and strenuous, standards are critical and industrial grade 3D
critical and industrial grade 3D printing systems are put through their paces.
Process and materials development have seen a number of key applications
developed for the aerospace sector and some non-critical parts are all-ready
flying on aircraft.
Architecture:
Architectural models from long span have been a staple application of 3D
printing processes, for producing accurate demonstration models of an
architect’s vision. 3D printing offers a relatively fast, easy and economically
viable method of producing detailed models directly from 3D CAD, BIM or
other digital data that architects use. Many successful architectural firms,
now commonly use 3D printing (in house or as a service) as a critical part
of their workflow for increased innovation and improved communication.

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CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF 3D PRINTING

Medical Field :
The technology used to manufacture both stock items, such as
hip and knee implants, and patient-specific products, such as
hearing aids, personalized prosthetics and one-off implants for
patients suffering from diseases such as osteoarthritis,
osteoporosis and cancer, along with accident and trauma
victims. Technology is also being developed for the 3D
printing of skin, bone, tissue, pharmaceuticals and even
human organs.

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 CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF 3D PRINTING

Fashion industry:
3D printed accessories including shoes, head-pieces, hats and bags
have all made their way on to global catwalks. Even some more
visionary fashion designers have demonstrated the capabilities of the
tech for haute couture - dresses, capes, full-length gowns and even
some under wear have debuted at different fashion venues around the
world.
Food industry:
Initial forays into 3D printing food were with chocolate and sugar,
and these developments have continued apace with specific 3D
printers hitting the market. Some other early experiments with food
include the 3D printing of “meat” at the cellular protein level. More
recently pasta is another food group that is being researched for 3D
printing food.

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 REFERENCES:
[1] Bhandari Siddharth, B Regina : “3D Printing and its applications”.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology
Research ISSN 2348-120X (online) Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp: (378-380)
[2]Christian Weller, Robin Kleer, Frank T. Piller, Economic
Implications of 3D printing: Market structure Models in light of
additive manufacturing Revisited, Int. J. Production Economics,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ijpe.2015.02.020
[3]Daniel J. Thomas and Timothy C. Claypole (College of Engineering,
Swansea University, Swansea, UK), “3D Printing: Printing on
Polymers”.Copyright©2016 Elsevier Inc.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-37468-2.00018-X
HANDBOOKS:
“The free beginner’s guide to 3d printing”.
“3D printing technology”.

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 THANK YOU !!!

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