“What we work on today, others will

first think of tomorrow.”

> Fighting against infectious diseases

can be very difficult; that’s why we find
the best solutions for improving your search.
> Our company is expanding and will provide the most
modern equipment available, as well as the best IT
professionals to meet your company’s demands.
> We’re aiming at reducing the complexity of your problems
and increasing that of the solutions.
> Our work isn’t based on promises. It’s based on action.
We set ourselves high goals and we don’t stop until
we’ve reached them. We can create databases
that will meet all your needs and we
guarantee that they will
live forever!
TEAM MEMBERS
• Mînzatu Vlad
• Băluş
luşescu Elena Alina
• Niţă
Niţă Alin-Ş
Alin-Ştefă
tefănuţ
nuţ
• Iacob Constantin Vlad
PROJECT MANAGER: Moldovanu Florin
“Roman-Voda” National College, Roman
 Infectious diseases started to spread alarmingly in the
second half of the twentieth century, and they represent one
of the main problems that the new millennium’s society has to face.

 Keeping track of the way that these diseases form and the things that
determine them to spread at an alarming rate is vital. Detecting patterns is the
first step in the fight to prevent these diseases from affecting people in the future;
therefore, keeping a well documented record of such cases is the best solution.

 Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection of data regarding health-
related events. The analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of this information are
used to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health. Surveillance data can be
used for immediate public health action, program planning and evaluation, and
formulating research hypotheses.

 The idea is to store all such data on a website, with the help of health professionals
from all over the world, who will become online members.

 However, anyone can log into the website and query the database to find out
statistical information about infectious diseases, such as the aftereffects,
the medicines used to help cure them and even the types of people
they are most likely to affect, depending on the patient’s
characteristics, and their background information.
Face to face interview with Dr. Teodor Dan, specialist in
infectious diseases at "Sf. Parascheva “ Clinical Hospital,
Iasi
e-mail: teodordan@yahoo.com
tel no. : +40722927497

www.who.int
www.cdc.gov
http://emedicine.com
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed
 After getting an idea about how international tracking of
infectious diseases should work, we took our first interview.
Doctor Teodor, was kind enough to clear the following up for us:

-Data input: Health professionals may input data only if they are
members. Otherwise, they have to register on the research institute
website in order to be able to do that.

-The importance of patient-related data: This sort of data is very important

because it forms the foundation for the statistical information which is later
derived from the database, and represents the result of the research.

-Characteristics of infectious diseases: They are caused by a pathogen agent

and are characterized by one or more manifestations. These, in turn, are very
important to the member who can access this information, because they can
help him/her identify the disease.

-The structure of a research institute: Research institutes consist of

departments and laboratories. Each laboratory has a certain degree of
infectiousness; therefore, they must also have a certain degree of
confinement.

 The interview led us to a better understanding of the structure

of a scientific research center and its requirements.
 The database can be queried in order to obtain realistic
predictions based on the data it contains. For example, by detecting
patterns in the evolution of a certain disease in the past, with the help
of mathematical calculations predictions could be made regarding the future
evolution of that disease.

 Only members have real access to the database. Non members can only view the
statistical information derived from the data stored in it.

 Only health professionals who are members can add new data.
a) If the disease does not exist in the database, the health professional will submit
all the necessary information about it, as well as the necessary information
regarding the infected patient and background;
b) If the disease exists in the database, then the health professional is only required
to submit the information about a new case.

 Personal information will only be recorded for members. Each member will be
assigned a username, a password, and personal information such as first name,
last name, address, and date of birth will also be kept.

 Each member may change his/her password, but this can only be done
after confirming the initial password.
 Only the medical information about a patient is pertinent; the
personal data shouldn’t have to be kept. (Example: height, weight
and age are important to know, but the name, address or telephone
aren’t required)

 Changes to the information regarding a certain patient and the changes in his
condition can be made only by the health professional who added that case.

 It is important to keep track of the climate and geographical information as well as the
coordinates where the patient contracted the disease.

 The statistical information can be read in all ways depending on the person’s interests.
This means that anyone can find out information about a certain disease or disease-
related information about a certain location, or a certain type of patients it affects. The
calculations will be done using a wide range of predefined functions that will be very
accessible to the site users, and thus results will always be up to date.

 Information regarding the medicines used to cure a certain disease will also be
supplied by the health professionals. They are also required to offer
information about the health-care providers and the kind of medicine
they offer.
 Health professionals will receive the latest information about
all the diseases that they are currently tracking via e-mail each
week. Each health professional can choose exactly what type of
information he wants to receive.

 GPS information is recorded for the place where the patient got infected, not
where he lives. If these places do not coincide, then the latter becomes irrelevant
to the research.

 Eventually, the database will be used to track trends and for some extrapolative
modeling based on the accumulated data.

 All measurements in units must be recorded in metric.

 The data provided by the health professionals will be checked in order to prevent the
input of false information.

 The ethical aspect cannot be ignored, therefore, a health professional needs

the patient’s consent in order to add the case.
 HEALTH_PROF
#ip_address be the result of MANIFESTATION
register *description
NON_MEMBER WEB_SITE
be registered #id
by (#)URL
be login
*name
MEMBER domain
#username PATIENT
(#)e-mail login #id
contain
*first_name *height
*last_name *weight be infected
be contained GPS
*address result *age in
by #long
*password in *gender
be the #lat
*date_of_birth *blood_type
DISEASE *immune_status infection
*gender
•telephone #id *outcome place of have
•mobile_phone *name
*type
be affected
*pathogen_ag
affect by
•vaccine
•complication
work in
belong to
be cured
by
MEDICINE GEO_INF
be workplace #id #id
cure *altitude
for (#)com_name
H_C_PROVIDER *climate_type
*act_subst
#fiscal_code *season_no
*type
LAB *name *s_avg_temp
•effect
#id *address *w_avg_temp
•composition be produced by
*type *telephone *rainfall
•dosage
•description produce •description *humidity
•sec_effect
•restriction •website *atm_press
*radiation
supply *avg_wind_speed
•description
be included
in INSTITUTE
divide #id
DEPT
*name be supplied by
#id
include *address
*name
be divided in •logo
*dept_chief
•website
•restriction
•telephone
 LAB_CARD grant access to

ORDER be sent to H_C_PROVIDER

give #id #fiscal_code
access in *date be received by
*name
*address get
*telephone access by
get accessed be placed
TEST_RESULT belong to •description
with by
•description •website
LAB HEALTH_PROF MEMBER
#id produce #ip_address #username
*type have (#)e-mail
•description place
belong to (#)id
•restriction MEDICINE *first_name
INSTITUTE
#id *last_name
#id
be (#)com_name *address
*name
included *act_subst *password
*address
in *type NON_MEMBER *date_of_birth
•logo
•effect be produced by *gender
•website
•composition •telephone
include •telephone
•dosage •mobile_phone
•sec_effect
DEPT be
divided have PATHOGEN_AG
#id
in #id
*name be registered login
*dept_chief divide (#)name
DISEASE be caused by by
•restriction *type
#id
*class
*name cause
*type
•complication
be the WEB_SITE register
MANIFESTATION result of be contained by
#id
*description
result in contain (#)URL
*name
be login domain
be prevented by
DISINFECTION
PERS_IMMUNIZATION
#id
•vaccine
prevent *date
GEO_INF
be done #id
in *altitude
belong to *climate_type
OUTCOME *season_no
PATIENT #id
characterize *s_avg_temp
#id *health_situation *w_avg_temp
*height be characterized •description be submitted *rainfall
have *weight by to *humidity
*age
*atm_press
*gender GPS
be the infection place of belong to *radiation
*blood_type #long *avg_wind_speed
*immune_status be infected in #lat have •description
 The same member can’t log in from two different computers
at the same time. The web site will generate an error when this
happens.

 Health professionals from all over the world can become members, even if
there will be cases of two members who work in the same department of the same
institute, or even in the same lab.

 Each health professional can only sign up to become a member once. This means that it
will not be possible to have two members with the same username, password, address or
e-mail. As a consequence, it is important that each health professional provides personal
information and not information about the institute that they work for. This will be
tracked separately.

 Each health professional may work in a certain institute tracked by the database.

 The input of data will be made depending on the laws of the country where the
health professional who studies the case lives.

 The information provided by the database cannot be used by any non-member

in personal purposes.

 Disinfections will take place in areas where a certain number

of cases have been recorded
 ENTITY DESCRIPTION
ORDER This entity resolves the M:M relationship between
INSTITUTE and H_C_PROVIDER because an institute
could be supplied by one or more H_C_PROVIDERs and a
H_C_PROVIDER could supply one or more INSTITUTEs
LAB_CARD Is the intersection entity between MEMBER, who may
work in one or more LABs, and LAB, which could be the
working place for one or more members
PERS_IMMUNIZATION This entity means “personal immunization” and is the
intersection entity between DISEASE and PATIENT,
because a disease must affect one or more patients and
a patient must be affected by one or more diseases

DISINFECTION This entity is present because after an outbreak it is

essential to make a disinfection of the place where the
disease was present
TEST_RESULT This is the intersection entity between MEDICINE and
DISEASE. The entity keeps track of results derived from
the specific testing of different medicines on diseases

PATHOGEN_AG This entity means “PATHOGEN AGENT”, which was

originally an attribute for DISEASE. This is now a
separate entity because the pathogen agent has
attributes of its own
 ENTITY DESCRIPTION
OUTCOME This entity was originally an attribute for PATIENT, and
because it has attributes, it was necessary to turn it into
an entity. This entity gives us information about the
health state of a patient after he was cured or not, and
if his integrity is the same as it was before the disease

INSTITUTE This entity describes the institute where health

professionals work
DEPT This entity means “DEPARTMENT” and it describes a
division of an institute
LAB This entity comes from “LABORATORY” and it describes
a division of a department
HEALTH_PROF This entity means “HEALTH PROFFESIONAL” and refers
to the authorized personnel that add new information
on the site
H_C_PROVIDER This entity means “HEALTH CARE PROVIDER”. They are
the ones who supply the institutes with medicines
GEO_INF This entity means “GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION” and it
gives us information regarding the place where the
patient was contaminated and information about the
areas where the outbreak started
 ENTITY ATTRIBUTE NOTES
INSTITUTE logo This attribute describes the institute

DEPT, LAB restriction This attribute refers to the degree of

infectiousness of the divisions of an institute

MEMBER id This is an artificial attribute used to uniquely
identify each member.

password This is a volatile attribute, because a password

can be changed; but it is also a mandatory
attribute, because it cannot be left NULL.

DISINFECTION date This attribute is mandatory because it is

important to track the exact date when the
disinfection took place, in order to analyze its
effectiveness.

GPS long This attribute means “Longitude”

lat This attribute means “Latitude”

long, lat They must be filled out with the mathematical

coordinates of each location where an
infection took place.
 ENTITY ATTRIBUTE NOTES
GEO_INF s_avg_temp This attribute means “Summer average
temperature”

w_avg_temp This attribute means “Winter average

temperature”

description This attribute can be used to make further

important specifications about the place where
an infection took place, which are not covered
by the mandatory attributes.

MEDICINE id This is an artificial attribute used to uniquely

identify each medicine stored in the database.

sec_effect This attribute means “Secondary effects”

PATIENT immune_status This attribute is used to indicate whether a

patient is generally immune to diseases or not.
The values it can take are ‘immunodepression’
or ‘immunocompetence’.
 ENTITY 1 ENTITY 2 DESCRIPTION
DEPT LAB These relationships are barred, because a
department must be part of an institute, and in order
to identify a certain department, the unique
Identifier of the institute that it belongs to must
become part of its own unique identifier.
INSTITUTE DEPT For the same reason, in order to identify a certain
lab, its unique identifier will also contain the unique
identifiers of the department and the institute that it
is part of.

GPS GEO_INF This relationship is mandatory. Each location being

tracked must be characterized in order to detect
how a certain type of environment can affect one’s
health

MEDICINE TEST_RESULT This relationship is mandatory on the Many side

because each test result must belong to one and only
one medicine, but a certain medicine may have one
or more results depending on the different tests that
were done on it.

DISINFECTION GPS This relationship is optional, because a certain

location may have been submitted to disinfections or
not.
DISEASE DISEASE TOTAL FEMALES MALES
ID NAME INFECTED INFECTED INFECTED
11 HIV 5 3 2
23 Hepatitis B 10 3 7
24 Hepatitis C 9 5 4
50 Malaria 20 6 14
62 Anthrax 7 5 2

provides

provides
provides
provides
provides

PATIENT

provides
DISEASE provides

provides

provides

provides

provides
DISEASE DISEASE AGE GROUPS
ID NAME 0-18 18-40 40-65 > 65
21 Hansen’s Disease 0 2 5 8
26 Scarlet Fever 9 5 2 0
33 Enteric Fever 6 7 2 8
39 Chicken Pox 20 10 4 0
78 Cholera 9 12 10 15
 DISEASE DISINFECTION

provides

provides

provides

provides
LATITUDE LONGITUDE DISEASE DISEASE TOTAL DISINFECTION DISINFECTION
INTERVAL INTERVAL ID NAME INFECTED DATE
40°34’N – 41°12’N 5°33’V – 6°10’V 22 Hepatitis A 30 Yes 12/11/1994
18°34’N – 19°55’N 12°00’E – 13°19’E 50 Malaria 40 No

35°48’N – 37°52’N 18°08’E – 21°19’E 39 Chicken Pox 100 No

45°00’N – 46°30’N 112°00’V – 113° 13 Tuberculosis 48 Yes 05/03/1989

27’V
0°50’S – 2°19’S 50°20’V – 51°58’E 26 Scarlet Fever 63 Yes 27/02/1998
provides

provides

provides
GPS PATIENT
 provides

DISEASE
provides

DISEASE DISEASE LATITUDE LONGITUDE

ID NAME
38 Smallpox 10°22’S 67°00’V
66°30’N 60°03E
62 Anthrax 43°09’S 65°33’V
24 Hepatitis C 23°30’S 152°42’E
43°55’N 115°22E
48°39’N 16°38’E
44 Rubella 35°00’N 129°10’E
53 Malta fever 30°16’N 31°25’E

provides

GPS
provides
 At this moment in the world there are two or three centers of
tracking infectious diseases. We proposed an original idea for
tracking infectious diseases that can easily work not only at local
level but also globally.

 Considering that the scientific research database is at global level, Dr. Teodor
was very surprised by our capacity of understanding the concept, and also by
the solution we proposed.

 At the second interview he gave us a positive feed-back to our conceptual

model:
- It can easily be used to generate statistical information
about infectious diseases
- Information can be used to make predictions about
future occurrences of certain diseases
 Personal gains:
- Great experience
- Team work
- Facing other concepts
- Work with competition

 Professional gains:
- Applying theoretical knowledge
- Facing our interviews
- Understanding the business needs
- Creating the conceptual model
- Creating the presentation
“Believe in the chance “Arriving at
of those you help one goal is
because every life the starting
deserves another point to
chance!” another.”

“There is nothing
“What we do for we can do better
ourselves dies with us. than seeking to
What we do for others become still better
and the world remains than we are.“
and is immortal.”