Oral Presentations

CS 2091
 What is oral presentation?
• The action of communication in which one
speaker is doing most of the sending and a
number of listeners are doing most of the
receiving.
 To whom?
• You will deliver presentations to four types of
people:
1. clients and customers
2. colleagues in your organization
3. fellow professionals at technical conferences
4. the public
 Types of oral presentation
• There are four types of presentation.
• 1. Script
• 2. Memorization
• 3. Impromptu
• 4. Extemporaneous
 1. Reading/Script
• This speech is made by reading a manuscript
from the paper that is why it is called
Manuscript speech too.
• It is suitable for longer, more complex data to
present.
• Even in reading try to maintain an eye contact
with the audience.
 Memorization
• Memorized speech is crammed and learnt by
heart.
• In speech competitions at schools and
colleges, the students make memorized
speech.
• Memorization is best for those who are
beginners or feel stage fright.
 Impromptu
• It is unexpected that is why unprepared.
• This speech is made without prior
preparation.
• Only experienced persons can deliver such
presentations.
• In this presentation speaker takes help both
from his memory and the notes that he has
taken within minutes.
 Extemporaneous
• It is organized and well prepared speech. Notes
are prepared that act prompts. When prompts
are prepared they make delivery speech
spontaneous and relaxed.
• In these types of presentations, one can note
down the key ideas, important points, statics
and quotations.
• In this speech the speaker has a good command
on the topic.
 How to prepare presentation?
• To prepare a good oral presentation, one
needs to follow 4 P’s of presentation. These
are:
• Planning
• Preparation
• Practice
• Presentation
 1. Planning
• To plan an effective presentation,following
steps should be considered at this stage:
1.identify your purpose
2.Analyse your Audience
3.Develop Content
a. Choose your ideas
b. Collect your data
 Conti….
Identify your purpose: When you plan your
message,the first step is to detemine the purpose.
You will have to decide:

• is your message mainly informational?

• is it pursuasive?
 Conti…..
Analyse your audience: It is very important to
write a presentation to the reader's needs. It
is better to visualize the individuals. Try to
picture that person at the same time consider
the person's educational level, attitudes and
so on.
 Conti……
How to analyse your audience?
Ask yourself some key question about your audience
1. Who is your primary audience (majority of people)?
2. What is their probable reaction to your message?
3. How much do they already know about the subject and
what they need to know?
4. What is their relationship to your presentation? (why do
they need this knowledge)
 Conti….
Choose your ideas:
To choose your ideas, you need to keep in mind
two things:
•purpose of your message
•receiver of your message
 Conti…..
Collect your data:
After choosing the ideas,you must ask yourself
whether you need specific facts, figures,
quotations or other forms of evidences.
Be sure that you know company policies,
procedures and product details.
Facts and figures make the idea acceptable.
 2. Preparation
1. Prepare a structure and timings of your
presentation.
Divide your presentation in 3 distinct parts:
• i. Attention-getting Opening
• ii. Key ideas
• iii. Memorable closing
 Conti…..
• The attention-getting opening – Use a
question, make a startling statement, or relate
a relevant incident to elicit the audience’s
interest. The opening makes up 5 to 10
percent of your presentation.
 Conti….
• The key ideas – Your presentation should
contain 4 to 6 different points that you must
back up with evidence such as statistics,
testimonials, demonstrations, and analogies.
Make sure that the key ideas all support a
coherent message. Your discussion of these
points should make up 80 to 85 percent of
your presentation.
 Conti….
• The memorable closing – You can close by
summarizing or restating the message or by
throwing down a challenge to your audience.
A close that relates back to your opening can
also be effective. Whatever you choose for
your close, be sure you tell your audience
what action you want them to perform. The
close should make up 5 to10 percent of your
presentation.
 3. Practice
•  Review your content, rehearse, and get feedback on your
presentation, and build enthusiasm and confidence to
present.
• Rehearse the timing of your presentation to be sure that it
falls within your time limits. Be sure to allow time for
questions, if it’s appropriate.
• Consider videotaping yourself rehearsing, and then review
the videotape for distracting mannerisms and other signs
of nervousness.
• Remember that the best cure for nervousness is
confidence and that confidence comes with practice
 4. Presentation

• Make a positive first impression.

• If possible, establish eye contact with your audience.
• Be yourself and relax.
• Own your subject and build rapport with the audience
to hold their attention and project the value of your
message.
• When speaking, be natural. Speak in a heightened
conversational tone.
• Slow down and emphasize important points, pausing
before and after key points to set them apart.
 Seven Factors to remember

1. The Start

• Do not apologize
• Be confident
• Know the topic well
 Conti….
2. Audience Mood

• Be empathic with your audience’s mood

• Watch your audience’s body language; their facial
expressions, glances exchanged, shuffling of feet etc.
• Project the right degree of formality
• Use good pace and drive
• Don’t be arrogant - this will turn your audience against you
• Control your enthusiasm
 Conti…..
3. Your Voice

• Be clearly audible
• Use a microphone if necessary
• Keep your head up
• Open your mouth wider than during normal speech
• Speak comparatively slow so the audience can digest what you are
saying
• Keep right level of stress, accent, and speed of speaking
• Use a good pitch – the musical tone – vary it. High notes convey
urgency, the low notes convey emphasis
 Conti….
4. Body Language

• Positioning of your body – stand in a good posture, do not pace

around too much
• Use your hands in proper gestures to support your points
• Good use of eye contact – gains and holds attention and
establishes rapport
• Avoid mannerisms that irritate, e.g. swaying side to side, fiddling
with marker, fidgeting with fingers, swirling to and fro etc.
• Avoid hands in pockets
 Conti….
5. Your Visual Aids

• When using flip charts or white boards, write from

the side
• Write legibly
• Stand so that you do not block the view of the
screen
• Do not speak to the board or screen
 Conti…..
6. Timing

• Make sure you end on time

• Observe the division of time from the
introduction to body and to the conclusion
 Conti….
7. Conclusion

• Finish with equal enthusiasm as was on start

• Ask the audience for action
• Leave no doubt in your audience’s mind that
you have come to an end of your presentation