Graphic Hard ware -Input

• Current input technology provides us with

• The Mouse
• Data tablet
• Transparent touch sensitive panel mounted
on the screen
• Track balls, space balls or the data glove ,
which provides the 3D effects

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annauniv.edu/shan
 Track ball

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 Track ball

• Track ball a pointing •The advantage of trackballs

device . Essentially, a
trackball is a mouse
lying on its back. To
move the pointer , you
rotate the ball with your
thumb, your fingers, or
the palm of your hand.
There are usually one to
three buttons next to the
ball, which you use just
like mouse buttons .
Prof.T.N.Shanmugam
annauniv.edu/shan
over mice is that the
trackball is stationary so it
does not require much space
to use it. In addition, you can
place a trackball on any type
of surface, including your lap.
For both these reasons,
trackballs are popular
pointing devices for
portable computers .
http://www. 3
 Space ball

• It is a rigid sphere containing

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strain gauges. The user
pushes or pulls the sphere in
any direction providing 3D
translation and orientations.
• In this case the directions of
movement correspond to the
user’s attempts to move the
rigid sphere although the
hand does not actually move.

Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 4
annauniv.edu/shan
Data Glove

Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 5
annauniv.edu/shan
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 Gloves
• The data glove records hand position and
orientation as well as finger movements.
• It is a glove covered with small light weight
sensors.
• Each sensor is a short length of fibre -optic cable
with a LED at one end and a phot transistor at the
other end
• A polhelmus 3SPACE three -dimensional position
and orientation sensor records hand movements.
• Wearing the data glove a user can grasp objects
move and rotate them and then release them
providing very natural interaction in 3D.
Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 7
annauniv.edu/shan
 Graphic Hard ware -output

• Current output technology uses raster display

primitives in a refresh buffer in terms of their
component pixels.
• In some raster displays, there is a hardware display
controller that receives and interprets sequences of
output commands.
• In a PC the display controller exists exists only as a
software component of the Graphics Library
package and the refresh buffer is no more than a
piece of the CPU’s memory that can be read by the
image display subsystem ,called video controller
that produces the actual image.
Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 8
annauniv.edu/shan
 Architecture of the raster display
Hardware
(Display
command Interaction
Data Keyboard

Refresh Display controller

buffer Mouse
000000000
000011010
101010101 Video controller
01010001
Displayed
Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 9
Scanned image annauniv.edu/shan image
 Raster image

• It is a set of horizontal • To avoid flickering of

raster lines which is a the image a 60 Hz or
row of individual higher refresh rate is
pixels. used now-a-days
• It is stored as a matrix
• An entire image of
of pixels representing
the entire screen area. 1024 lines of 1024
• The entire image is pixel each is stored
scanned out explicitely and a bit or
sequentially by the pixmap is generated
video controller.
Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 10
annauniv.edu/shan
 Raster image…

• Raster graphics can display areas filled with

solid colors or patterns
• Further the refresh process is independent
of the image complexity (like number of
polygons )

Prof.T.N.Shanmugam http://www. 11
annauniv.edu/shan
Raster Scan

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