MINORITIES

1. Võ Thị Đăng Ngọc

2. Lê Thị Ánh Nguyệt
3. Tạ Thị Phưởng
4. Huỳnh Lệ My
5. Lê Thị Trinh Nữ
 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MINORITIES
DISCRIMINATION

COLOR CULTURE AGE

Sharing equal protections The 1960s was a decade of many laws were passed to
and prospects in American turbulence and social outlaw and compensate for
change. inequalities
 The blacks
The struggle for equal rights

Three The
Founding The
constitutiona thirteenth Fourteenth The Fifteenth
fathers l amendment Amendment Amendment
Amendment

Asserted –
“ all men are Passed and
created equal”
.
And posses
ratified
inalienable rights between 1865
Gave
.
to life , liberty and and 1870 to Abolished Gave them
the pursuit of blacks the
share in the slavery the right to
happiness , women rights of
and blacks were most rights vote
citizenship
excluded ( after the Civil
War )
 Constitutional provisions

In The 1950s, the

Southern whites found
Racial prejudice was Blacks were denied Racial segregation was
the ways to circumvent
rationalized and access to public places sanctioned by the
the intention of the
institutionalized ( restaurants, hotels, courts
amendments
theaters , and school)

In 1896, the Supreme Court had
ruled that racial segregation
was as long as “ separate but
equal” facilities was
provided.
In 1954, the landmark case Brown
v. The Board of education => the
first successful challenge to
legalized segregation of blacks and
whites
Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights
in the 1950s and 60s
The Impact of Segregation
 African Americans received low-paying jobs
 Higher rates of poverty and illiteracy
 Lower rates of homeownership and life expectancy
 Couldn’t vote in the south

Non-Violent Protects
 Civil Rights Legislation
► In 1957 Congress passed the first civil rights legislation in
eighty years.
► In 1963, Congress passed a constitutional amendment
prohibiting the use of a poll tax in federal elections.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
► The act banned segregation in public accommodations
► Gave the federal government the ability to desegregate
schools
► Prosecute individuals who violated people’s civil rights
► Outlawed discrimination in employment
Voting Rights Act of 1965
► Spurred by actions of protesters and the President, Congress
passed the act
► It banned literacy tests and empower the federal government
to oversee voting registration
 Controversial Issues
 Affirmative Action: increase African
American representation in schools and
the workforce
 Racism
 Social and Economic gap

Affirmative Action
 The goal of affirmative action is to match
the racial and sexual composition of the
working place with the composition of
society.
 Employer are encouraged to hire and
promote blacks, women, and others who
had been denied opportunities.
 PROBLEMS OF URBAN BLACKS

- Disparities between blacks and whites

remains in income and employment.
(Census Bureau statistics in 1985)
- The poverty rate for blacks is alarming
high: 31%
- The poverty rate for whites is : 11%
- The unemployment rate for black
teens: ˃ 40%
- 2/3 of all black children are born
to unmarried mothers. (Census
Bureau statistics)
- The leading cause of death
among young black men is
murder. (1980 Public Health
report)
- Black men make up only 6% of
the population, they account for
half of the male prison
population.

http://www.phamlocblog.com
 HISPANICS
-  Hispanic refers to people who speak
Spanish and/or who are descended from
Spanish speaking lineage.
- Spanish is the major language in many
areas.
- Hispanics is the second largest ethnic
minority.
- Hispanic residents: 60% of them are Mexican
origin, most of the rest are from Cuba and
Puerto Rico
- Mexican American now make up 1/5 of
California’s population and 1/5 of Texas’s
population.
http://www.phamlocblog.com
http://www.phamlocblog.com
http://www.phamlocblog.com
 THE NATIVE AMERICANS

The end of the 1960s, Native Americans

also adopted the techniques of protest.
 THE NATIVE AMERICANS
• The Native Americans were subdued by the U.S. army
• The government policy: wavered inconsistently
(encouraging assimilation >< promoting tribal autonomy)
 1960
s THE NATIVE AMERICANS

The federal government:

encouraged the retention
of tribal governments and
These efforts have brought a
cultural identity.
greater degree of
sovereignty and increasingly
The American Indian favorable interpretation of
Movement (AIM): gave Native American rights by
political autonomy to the federal courts.
Native American groups
and recognize their
special cultural needs.
 THE ELDERLY
1960-1982:  age 60 2

Demands of the elderly

are becoming harder to ignore.
 Activists have addressed the
issues of:
 Job discrimination
 Retirement
 Health care
 and have sought to dispel distorted
perceptions of the elderly as weak,
senile, and helpless.
In 1967, the Age Discrimination Act
was passed to
prohibit discrimination against people
(ages 40 – 65) THE ELDERLY
 THE
DISABLED
America's
disabled
= 2nd class
citizens.
• were institutionalized or segregated and
considered incapable of working and
living as productive members of society.
• The courts and legislators responded
to their demands by outlawing barriers to
equal education and employment.
• The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
required employers (receive federal aid
or work on government contracts) to hire
qualified disabled persons.
 A rainbow 
flag

What is a flag?
 Homosexual

Lesbian Gay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality
 1960s – 1970s
SUPPORTE CONSERVATIVES
RS

LIBERAL
MIDDLE-
THE STUDENT CLASS
REFORME
COURT ACTIVISTS AMERICA
RS
NS

• The Supreme Court • Resented what they regarded

frequently made as the federal government's
decisions which favored excessive protection of the
minorities. “undeserving”
• "Silent Majority" of the
• Many federal programs
benefited minorities. middle class demonstrated its
presence at the polls, voting
against homosexual rights.
In The 1980s

 Conservatives have been

gaining influence.
 Supreme Court decision
that upheld the states'
authority to make laws
against homosexual President REAGAN
acts. (1986)
References

https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/18/how-the-
u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing
/
http
://latinotimes.org/2019/07/13/u-s-hispanic-population-reache
d-new-high-in-2018-but-growth-has-slowed
/
https://www.epi.org/publication/one-third-of-native-american
-and-african-american-children-are-still-in-poverty/