Chapter 15

Rizal’s Second Sojourn in

Paris And the Universal
Exposition of 1889

Reported by:Group IV
Universal Exposition
• was a world’s fair held in
Paris, France, from May 6 to
31 of October 1889. It was
held during the year of the
100th anniversary of the
storming of the Bastille, an
event considered symbolic of
the beginning of the French
Revolution.
• Paris in the spring of 1889 was bursting
with Gaiety and excitement because of
the Universal Exposition.

• Everywhere in the Metropolis, the hotel

rates and house rents were soaring sky
high.

• He published his annotated edition of

Morga’s Sucesos
 Rizal Founded 3 Filipino Societies

Kidlat Club

Indios Bravos

R.D.L.M.
(Redencion de los Malayos)
 “Por Telefono”
• Rizal wrote this satirical work as a
reply to another slanderer, Fr. Salvador
Font.
• Fr. Salvador Font- who masterminded
the banning of Rizal’s Noli.
• This work is under the authorship of
Dimas Alang.
• Dimas Alang- one of Rizal’s pen-
names.
• It was published in a booklet form in
Barcelona, 1889.
 Difficulty of Finding Quarters (March 1889)

• The Universal exposition was scheduled to open on

March 6, 1889, attracted thousands of tourist so that all
Hotel accommodation were taken.

• French land lords taking advantage of the great demand

for living quarters, raise the rents of their room.
• For a short time, Rizal lived in
the house of his friend,
Valentin Ventura at no. 45 Rue
Maubeuge

• Finally he lived in a little room

together with two Filipino.

• Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose

Albert
Jose Albert
 Life in Paris
He used most of his time:

• In the reading room of the Bibliotheque

Nationale
(National Library) checking up his historical
annotation of Morga’s Book
• In his living quarter writing letters to his family
and friends.
• In the gymnasium for his daily physical
exercises
• Visiting his friends
In his spare hours, Rizal used to dine at the homes
of his friends:

• The Pardo de Tavera’s

• The Ventura’s
• The Bousteads
• The Luna’s
Rizal was a good friend of the 3 Pardo de
Tavera’s
Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera- physician
by vocation and philologist by avocation
Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera – Physician
by vocation and an artist and sculptor by a
vocation
Paz Pardo de Tavera – wife of Juan Luna
Don Joaquin Pardo de Tavera – exile of
1872
who escaped from the Marianas and lived
in France
 June 24, 1889
A baby girl was born to Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera

Andres (Luling)
Maria de la Paz Blanca Laureana Hermenegilda Juana Luna
Y Pardo de Tavera
 May 16,1889

Rizal wrote a letter to his family in Calamba

“My daily life in Paris is spent in the following manner :
one or two hours in the gymnasium and in fencing, three of
four hours in the library, the rest I use up in writing and
visiting friends… Every other night from 8:00 to 11:00 we
meet in a café where we play chest. On Saturday I am invited
to eat at Luna’s house, on Sunday at Mrs. Juliana’s and on
Friday I visit the family of Boustead where sometimes I take
tea.”
September 21, 1889
“We Filipinos gather four times a week and we sing the
Kundiman, we eat sotanghon, adobo etc. On
Wednesday in the house of Doña Tula, on Thursday in
the house of Hidalgo, on Friday in the house of Madam
Boustead, on Saturday in the house of Luna, on Sunday
in the house of Doña Juliana”
 Rizal and Paris Exposition of 1889
Like any ordinary Filipino tourist in a
foreign land Rizal was fascinated by the
Universal Exposition.

Eiffel Tower – 984 ft. high which was

built by Alexander Eiffel, a French
engineer.

President Sadi Carnot-President of the 3rd

French Republic.
 International Art Competition
• Felix R. Hidalgo painting awarded 2nd
prize
• Juan Luna and Felix Pardo de Tavera
paintings got the 3rd prize
• Rizal’s entry (a bust which modelled got
no prize)
• “This bust was quiet good to qualify for
the exhibition but not good enough to
win an international prize”
Rizal wrote to Blumentritt (March 19,1889)

“Today, we have formed a Kidlat club. Kidlat in

Tagalog means lightning and for the same
reason this club will last only during the
Exposition. We have thought of it and formed
it in one hour. It will disappear also like
lightning.”
 Indios Bravos
• In their sight seeing tour of the Exposition ground, Rizal and
the members of the Kidlat club were amazed to see the
buffalo bull show which featured the American Indian.
• Rizal was enchanted by the dignified and proud bearing of
the American Indian. He told his friends “Why should we
resent being called Indios by the Spaniards?
• Look at those Indios from North America, they are not
ashamed of their name, let us be like them. Let us be proud of
the name Indio and make our Spanish enimies revise their
conception of the terms. We shall be Indios Bravos
It replace the Kidlat club

• Its members pledge to excel in intellectual and physical in

order to win the admiration of the foreigners, particularly
the Spaniards

• They practice the use of the swords and pistol

• Rizal taught them Judo, an Asian arts of self defense that we

learned in Japan
R.D.L.M Society
(Redencion de los Malayos)

Founded by Rizal in Paris during the Universal

Exposition 1889

It was mysterious
Only a few of Rizal’s trusted friends became members of the
R.D.L.M.

• Gregorio Aguillera
• Jose Maria Basa
• Julio Llorente
• Marcelo H. del Pilar
• Mariano Ponce
• Baldomero Roxas
• Fr. Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest)
This society only mentioned in :

1. Rizal’s letter to Jose Maria Basa, Paris,

September 21, 1889

2. Rizal’s letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar,

Paris, November 4,1889
 The aim of the secret society
1. The propagation of all useful
knowledge in the Philippines
2. The redemption of the Malay race

-Rizal was inspired by a famous book

entitled Max Havelaar (1860) written by
Multatuli. This book exposed the miserable
condition of the oppressed Malay
inhabitants
 Annotated Edition of Morga published

• The Publication in 1890

• It was printed by Garnier Freres.
• The prologue was written by Professor Blumentritt upon the
request of Rizal
In his prologue, Blumentritt commended Rizal for his fine
historical scholarship. However, he frankly censured Rizal for
two things which revealed Rizal errors
1. Rizal commit the error of many historian in appraising the
event of the past in the light of present standard.
2. Rizal’s attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified
because the abuses of the Friars should not be construed to
mean that Catholicism is bad

Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people

so that they would know of their glorious past.
 Comment on Morga’s Publication Date

• The title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morgan

reads:
“Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890”

• There is Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s

edition Morga must have come off the press in 1889
not 1890
Oct. 12, 1889
Blumentritt wrote to Rizal from
Leitmeritz saying, “I have just received
your magnificent edition of Morga. This
edition with your erudite notes will
glorify your name”

Dec. 28, 1889

Rizal wrote to Dr. Baldomero Roxas
from Paris. “ Today, I sent to four copies
of Morga, later, I will send some more” Dr. Baldomero Roxas
Dec. 31, 1889

From Barcelona, Mariano Ponce wrote to Rizal saying,

“I received the book sucesos. Many thanks, I have read
only Blumentritt’s Prologue Truly excellent. Please send
me immediately
About ten copies that I can send to the Philippines by the
first mail that is going there”
 Rizal as Historian
• Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum
(London) and in the Bibliotheque Nationale
(Paris) enriched his historical knowledge.

• His knowledge of foreign language enabled

Rizal to read historical documents and books
in the languages in which they were
originally written.
International Association of Filipinologists

• Rizal proposed to established an International Association of

Filipinologist and have its inaugural convention in the French
Capital.

• He first submitted this idea to Blumentritt.

• To study the Phil. from the scientific and historical point view
 The officers were as follow

Pres. : Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)

Vice Pres. : Mr. Edmund Plauchut (French)
Counsellor : Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)
Counsellor : Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino-Spanish)
Sec : Dr. Jose Rizal
 Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

• Another magnificent project of Rizal

• He wrote his friends Jose Maria Basa about his matter
• To train and educate men of good family and financial
means in accordance with the demands of modern times and
circumstances.
• Mr. Mariano Cunanan – a rich Filipino resident in Paris from
Mexico, Pampanga promised to help him raise P40,000 as
initial capital for the college.
Curriculum Consisted

• Ethics
• Mathematic
• Universal History
• Spanish
• Gymnastics
 Christmas in Paris

• He celebrate his Christmas with Jose Albert and Capitan

Justo Trinidad.

• They prepared a Christmas dinner with fried chicken,

rice and vegetables.

• Last Christmas dinner in Paris

 After New York tear, Rizal visit to London Reasons:

1. To check up his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesus

with the original copy in the British Museum.

2. To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time.

Jan. 1890

• He was back in Paris

• He complained of a terrible headache

 He read:

• First voyage around the World in Italian

• The historical works of: Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley and
Wallance in English.
• The writings of Blumentritt, J. Mallat and A. Masche in
French.
• The works of T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Pedro A. Paterno, Miguel
Morayta and Pi y Margall in Spanish.
By his extensive reading of archival sources and books
in foreigne countries, he acquired wide knowledge not
only of the Philippine history of European colonization
in Asia.
Aside from his excellent annotatons on Morga’s Book, Rizal
wrote other works which qualify him to be a real historian:

• Two historical commentaries written in London

• Ma-yi
• Tawalisi of lbn Batuta
• Publish of La Solidaridad (4 issues)
• Filipinas dentro de Cien Anos (The Phil. Within a Century)
• 5 issues
• Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos (the indolence of the
Filipinos)
He wrote also:
• La Politica Colonial on Filipinas
(Colonial Police in the Phil.)
• Manila en el mes de Diciembre, 1872
(Manila in the month of December 1872)
• Historia de la Familia Rizal de Calamba
(History of the Rizal Family in Calamba)
• Los Pueblos del Archipielago Indico
(The People of the Indian Archipelago)
The Phil. Within a Century

In this article Rizal expressed his views on the Spanish

colonization in the Phil. And predicted with amazing
accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia.
The Indolence of the Filipino

• The Filipinos are not by nature indolence.

• Long before the coming of Spaniards, he pointed out
the Filipinos were industrious and hard working.
• They were very active in agriculture, industries and
commerce
• The Spanish conquest of the country brought about a
decline in economic activities because the Filipinos
had abandoned their pre-Spanish industries and
worked less that their ancestors.
Such decline in economic life was due to certain
causes:
1. The native revolts and other internal disorders
which follow the stablishment of Spanish rule.
2. The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain
against the Dutch, Portuguese, English and other
enemies.
3. The frightful raids on the coastal towns and village
of Christian Phil. By the Muslim Pirates of Mindanao
and Sulu.
4. Forced labor
 Chapter 16

The Belgian Brussels

1890
2 reason to leave Paris:

1. Cost of living

2. Hampered his literary work

 Articles Published in La Solidaridad
1. Ala Defensa (To La Defensa)
2. La Verdad Para Todos (The truth fo all)
3. Vicente Barrantes, Teatro Tagalo
4. Una Profanacion ( A Profination)
5. Verdades Nuevas ( The Truth)
6. Crueldad (Cruelty)
7. Diferencias (Differences)
8. Inconsequencias (Inconsequences)
9. Llantro y Risas ( Tears and Laughter )
10. Ingratitudes (Ingrstitude)
 New Orthography of Tagalog Language

He was the first to advocate the Filipinization of its

orthography.

Salakot - salacot
Araw – arao
Sorjourning in Brussels
His article “Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua
Tagala”
(The New Orthography of the Tagalog Language) was
published in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1890.

-new tagalog orthography

-adaptation of new orthography
Rizal criticizes Madrid Filipinos for gambling

Rizal received news from Juan Luna and Valentin

Ventura that the Filipinos in Spain were destroying the
good names of their nation by gambling too much.

Rizal wrote to M.H. del Pilar on May 28, 1890 to

remind the Filipinos in Madrid that they not come to
Europe to gamble, but to work for their Fatherlands
freedom.
Bad news from home

Rizal received letters in Brussels:

• The Calamba Agrarian trouble was getting worst

• The Dominacan hacienda continually raise the land

rent
Presentment of death

• Rizal had Bad dreams during the night in Brussels

when he was restless because he was always thinking
of his unhappy family in Calamba.

• He feared that he will not live long

Preparation to go home

• Rizal planned to go home

• He could not stay Brussels writing a book while his

parents, relatives and friends in the distant Phil. Were
persecuted.
Rizal wrote to Ponce:
“Ought to go to the Philippines to allow himself to be
killed in defense to his ideals.”
“ We have only once to die, and if we do not die well, we
lose an opportunity which will not again be presented to
us”

All his friends, including Blumentritt, Jose Ma. Basa and

Ponce warned him the danger that awaited him at home.
• No threat of danger could change his plans.
Decision to go to madrid

• Suddenly made him change his mind, a letter from

Paciano which related that they lose the case against
the Dominican in Manila, but they appealed to the
Supreme Court in Spain, hence a lawyer was needed
to handle it to Madrid.

• He wrote M.H del Pilar

Another letter to Ponce, written at Brussels, July
29,1890.
Rizal’s announced that he was leaving Brussels at the
beginning of the following month and would arrive in
Madrid about 3rd or 4th of August.
A Mi ( To My Muse)

It was against a background of mental aguish in

Brussels, during those sad days when he was worried
by family disaster.
 Romance with petite jacoby

• He left the city of Paris and went to

Belgium he meet the pretty niece of his
landlady, named Suzanne Jacoby.

• She fell in love with Rizal and cried when

he left toward the end of July 1890, for
Madrid.
Suzanne Jacoby
 Thank you for
Listening
Thank you for you
time 
Quiz

1-2. Who got the 3rd prize in International Art Competition?

3. A rich Filipino resident in Paris from Mexico, Pampanga promised

to help him raise P40,000 as initial capital for the college.

4-5. 2 person who’s with Rizal on Christmas Eve.

6-10. Give 5 articles published in La Solidaridad.

11-12. Bad news that Rizal’s Receive from Home.
13. This is a niece of Rizal’s landlady in Belgium.
14. The first society build by Rizal
15. This is one of the society followed by the 1st society that Rizal
founded.
16. What is R.D.L.M.
17. Daughter of Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera
18. Who built the Eiffel tower?
19-20. what is the complete Title of chapter 15 and 16?
 Answer key
1. Juan Luna 11. The Calamba Agrarian trouble was getting
worst
2. Felix Pardo de Tavera
12. The Domincan Hacienda Continually raise
3. Mr. Mariano Cunanan the Land Rent
4. Jose Albert 13. Suzanne Jacoby
5. Kapitan Justo Trinidad 14. Kidlat Club
6. The Truth For All 15. Indios Bravos
16. R.D.L.M
7. A Profination 17. Maria dela Paz Bianca, Laureana,
8. The Truth Hermenegilda Juana Luna Y Pardo de
9. Cruelty Tavera
10. Differences 18. Alexander Eiffel
19. Rizal Second Sojourn in Paris and the
Universal Exposition of 1889
20. In Begian Brussels 1890