NITROGEN

By Gruoup 3:

Annisaa Elfira M
Eni Mendaun
Andi Dian Indriani
Annisa Immanurrahman
Andi Ria Indahsari
Siti Fathima
Razak Nurul Amin
 1. Write the electron-dot lewis structure for the NOCl,
POCl3, N2O, nitrite ions and nitrate ions, species, with
possible resonance structures
Answer
a. NOCl d. Nitrite ion
- -
O N Cl O N O O N O

b. POCl3 e. Nitrate ion

O

Cl P Cl
Cl

c.N2O
+ - - + 2- + +
N N O N N O N N O
 2. Write the equation for the hydrolysis reaction of nitrogen
trichloride and phosphorus trichloride. Also explain what
factors lead to differences in the hydrolysis results of the
two?
Answer
NCl3 + 3H2O(l) NH3(g) + 3HClO(aq)

PCl3 + 3H2O(l) H3PO3(g) + 3HCl(aq)

Nitrogen electronegativity is much higher compared to other members in the

group. As a result, the nature of the bond polarity in nitrogen compounds is
often the opposite of the nature of the bond polarity in other member
compounds. For example, differences in bond polarity in N-Cl and P-Cl result
in differences in the hydrolysis of nitrogen trichloride and phosphorus
trichloride
 3. Explain the geometrical structure of ammonia according to the
VSEPR theory and the possibility of which orbitals are involved in
the covalent bond between the nitrogen atom and the hydrogen
atom, and also explain the polarity characteristics of the ammonia
molecule and the self-ionization properties of liquid ammonia as a
solvent.
Answer
The structure of ammonia (NH3) according to Where the bonding angle formed by the nitrogen
VSEPR theory is: and hydrogen atoms of NH3 is 107.5 so that the
geometric shape of NH3 molecules according to
VSEPR theory is trigonal pyramid.
In ammonia (NH3) there are 3 pairs of bonding
electrons and 1 pair of free electrons. Then the ammonia molecule (NH3) has three N-
H bonds that are polar because of the
electronegativity of N, which is theoretically the
molecule that will be polar if there are
So the molecular shape of ammonia (NH3), electronegativity differences between the bound
namely: atoms. the nature of ammonia as an ionisation solvent
is the ability of ammonia to dissolve an alkali metal
to form a highly colored, electrically conductive
solution.
 4. As in question 9.3, but for nitrogen trifluoride, explain
also the difference in the angle of the H-N-H bond (in NH3)
and F-N-F (in NF3)
Answer
For compounds NH₃ and NF₃ which have the same hybridization, the
number pf pairs of free electrons is same, central atom is same, but the outer
atoms are dofferent, then the one affecting it is the outer atom or ligan of
nitrogen.

Flour has an electronegativity greater than Hidrogen , so the engel of

NF₃ is smaller than NH₃. This is because the repulsion force Flour with the
other Flour in NF₃ is smaller than the repulsion force Hydrogen with the
other Hydrogen in NH₃.

H .. H F
N
102,5º
106,47º N
..
H F F
 5. Ammonia gas is dissolved in water to produce PH 10 and
is therefore labeled NH4OH. Give comment on the
labeling
Answer
If ammonia gas(NH3) , which is a weak base, is reacted with an acid or Proton donor, it will form
ammonium ions

NH3 + H+ ---> NH4+

This ammonium ion is a weak acid which, if reacted again with a base, can again produce an
unmodified ammonia molecule

NH4+ + B- ----> HB + NH3

So the treatment of a concentrated solution of ammonium salt with a strong base produces ammonia
when ammonia is dissolved in water a small amount of ammonia turns into ammonium ions

NH3(g) + H20(l) ->> OH-(aq) + NH4+(aq)

As we know that the pH of ammonia is 10 then the equilibrium that shifts to the left of the
hydroxide ion attracts the proton of the ammonium ion to produce ammonia
 6 Write the reaction equation between ammonia with:
a. Magnesium metal (Mg)
b. Diboron trioxide (B2O3)
Also identify the type of main yield species.

Answer

a.Ammonia + Magnesium metal b.Ammonia + Diboron trioxide

NH3 (g) + Mg (s) Mg3N2 (s) + H2 (g) NH3 (g) + B2O3 (s) BN(s) + H2O (g)

Equated, Equated,

2NH3 (g) + 3Mg (s) Mg3N2 (s) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) + B2O3 (s) 2BN (s) + 3H2O (l)

Gas ammonia react with Magnesium solid to Gas ammonia react with Diboron trioxide liquid produce
produce Magnesium nitride solid and gas hydrogen Boron Nitride solid and water.
 7. Explain the property of phosphorus reactivity in P4
molecules based on their geometric shape (type and angle
of bonding)
Answer
Tetraphosphorus (P4) exists as molecules made up of four atoms in a tetrahedral
structure. The tetrahedral arrangement results in ring strain and instability. The
molecule is described as consisting of six single P–P bonds. The P4 molecule is very
reactive because of the small P-P-P angle of 60 degrees .

At very small angles, phosphorus atomic orbitals cannot overlap properly so that
the bonds are very weak. This means that the breaking of the P-P occurs easily and
the breaking of this bond is the initial step that causes a reaction with other molecules
to take place.
THANKS