Chapter#10

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

 Spreadsheet
• Spreadsheet program is used for calculations.
• In Excel, a computerized spreadsheet is called a worksheet.
The file used to store worksheets is called a workbook.
• A worksheet is a grid of rows and columns in which we enter
text, numbers, and the results of calculations.
• Cells are arranged in rows and columns with each row being
identified by a numbers 1,2,3, and so on and each column by
a letters A,B,C and so on
• It provide facility of formulas and built-in functions.
• We can also display our data using charts and figures.
Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib
 Features of Spreadsheet
1. Grid of Row and Columns:
• The spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns.
• Each row is assigned a number and column is assigned a letter.
• The intersection of row and column is called cell.
• For example. fifth cell in the second column is known as cell B5.
• This is known as the cell address or cell coordinates.
2. Formulas:
• The formula performs calculations on the data in spreadsheet.
• it displays the resulting value in the cell containing the formula.
3. Built-in Functions:
• Spreadsheet has many built-in functions.
• Functions can perform different types of calculations.
• Lengthy calculations can be applied on Worksheet easily by using
• functions.
Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib
 Features of Spreadsheet
4. Commands:
• Commands are used to manipulate the worksheet or its contents.
5. Text Manipulation:
• Some simple text manipulation can also be performed.
6. Printing:
• Spreadsheet presides printing facility.
• You can print your documents to get a hard copy.
• Printing can be of whole document or of any required range.

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

The Spreadsheet`s Interface:

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

 The worksheet is where data is entered. It consists of columns and
rows.
 Workbook is a group of worksheets saved together as one file. By
default a workbook contains 3 worksheets.
 The intersection of row and column is called cell.
 The cell in the worksheet in which you can type data is called the
Active cell.
 The Name Box, or cell reference area, displays the cell reference of
the active cell.
 The Formula Bar displays a formula when a worksheet cell contains
a calculated value.
 A formula is an equation that calculates a new value from values
currently in a worksheet.

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Different types of data in Excel:
1. Label
• Labels are used to identify a value or series of values.
• Labels are helpful in making the worksheets meaningful.
• Formula cannot be applied on labels.
2.Values
• Values are usually numeric data typed in different cells. .
• Some examples of values are 50, 25.33, —12 etc.
3. Dates:
• Dates are values that can be used in calculations to create
new dates or calculate time intervals.
• An example of date is 12/07/2005.
4. Formula:
• A formula is an expression that produces some values.
Formula may be very complex.
• A formula begins with an equal sign ( = ) .
Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib
Cell reference:
• A cell reference consists of column name and row number.
• For example. fifth cell in the second column is known as
cell B5.
• This is known as the cell reference.
• Reference to cell in other workbooks are called links.
Range:
• A group of selected cells is called a range.
• The range is identified by its range reference, for example,
A3:C5

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

 In an adjacent range, all cells touch each other and form
a rectangle.
 To select an adjacent range, click the cell in a corner
of the range, drag the pointer to the cell in the
opposite corner of the range, and release the mouse
button.

 A non adjacent range includes two or more adjacent

ranges and selected cells.
 To select a nonadjacent range, select the first
adjacent range or cell, press the Ctrl key as you select
the other cells or ranges you want to include, and
then release the Ctrl key and the mouse button
Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib
Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib
Relative Referencing:
• Referencing cells by their column and row labels such as"A1"is
called relative referencing.
• If a formula containing relative referencing is copied from one cell
to another spreadsheet changes cell addresses relative to the new
cell address.
Example:If a simple addition formula in cell C1 i.e. =(A1+B1 ) is
copied to Cell C2 the formula will change to =(A2+B2) to reflect he
new row.
Absolute Referencing:
• Referencing cells by column and row labels along with “$” such
as "$A1” is called absolute referencing.
• if a formula containing absolute referencing is copied from one
cell to another, Excel does not change cell addresses.
Example: in the previous example, the formula in cell C1 would
read =($A$1+$B$1) if the value at cell C2 should be the sum of cells
A1 and Bl. Both the column and row of both cells are absolute and
will not changed when copied.
Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib
How two worksheets are linked:
Two worksheets are linked if one Worksheet is use the value from
another worksheet, A formula in a worksheet may use value from a
cell in another worksheet same workbook.
SheetName !CellAddress
The following formula will add the value of cell A1 of current
Worksheet and cell A2 in the second worksheet named Sheet:
=A1+sheet2!A2

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Formula in Excel:
A formula is an expression that produces same values.
The values, cell references and built-in functions can be used in
formula.
Formula must begin with an equal
sign “ = “
Example:
=C2/C4*100

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Function in Excel:
Functions are built-in formulas that are used to perform complicated
calculations.
Functions can be a more efficient way of performing mathematical
operations than formulas.
Example:
=SUM(A1:D1)

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Difference between worksheet and workbook:
Excel Workbook Excel Worksheet

A workbook is an entity where multiple A worksheet is a single set of the page

worksheets can be added to access the where data is being entered.
data.

Preference

Are used to work in a professional Are preferred in an educational or learning

environment. environment.

Benefit

Multiple worksheets can be added to the A particular worksheet has limitations on

workbook the number of data entered

Co-Relation

It can be automatically created within a It can be manually converted into a

worksheet workbook

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Active Cell:

The currently selected cell where data can be entered or edited is

called the active cell.

Passive Cells:

A cell that is not currently selected is called passive cell.

The data cannot be inserted or deleted in a passive cell.

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Difference between Word Processor and Spreadsheet:

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

Difference between Function and Formula:

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib

What is a chart:
Charts allow user to present data entered into the worksheet in a visual
format using a variety of graph types.
Before you making a chart, first enter data into a worksheet.
Creating chart:
• With the Excel program you can create charts with the “Chart
Wizard.”
 Step 1: Choose a chart type.
 Step 2: Highlight the data that
• you wish to be included in the chart.

Slides Prepared by: Prof. Xubair Xaib