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COORDINATION AND
CONTROL
Innate
Immunity – inherent ability of
the body to fight off invaders
innate immune system does not have
immune memory
act upon the presence of any foreign
intruders
VERTEBRATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Physicalbarriers – first line of defense
against foreign intruders
includes skin, secretions, mucus membrane
skin – prevents the entry of harmful elements
(microorganisms)
Secretions – sweat, tears, and saliva contain
substances
suppress the growth of microorganisms
Mucus – in respiratory tract
trap the inhaled bacteria , fungi, or other invaders
Drives them off from the body
VERTEBRATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Interferons
Complement
seriesof enzymes that are activated in
sequence as a host response to invading
organisms
Activation of complement by the classical
pathway – first discovered
Complement activated by the alternative
pathway
important innate defense against invasion by
bacteria and some fungi
VERTEBRATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
reactions
Monocyte – picks up cellular debris and foreign
intruders by phagocytosis
VERTEBRATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Adaptive immunity – third layer of defense
activates once it penetrates the non-specific
barriers
depend on lymphocytes that can recognize an
intruder and eventually respond to it.
B-cells and T-cells – lymphocytes that mature
in the bone marrow and thymus respectively
both involved in immune recognition
B-cellssynthesizes a immunoglobulins
(antibody) that interacts with the epitope of the
antigen
a molecule that is capable of inducing an
immune response
ACQUIRED IMMUNE RESPONSE
INVERTEBRATES
Antigen
any substance that will stimulate an immune
response
2 arms of immune response:
Humoral immunity is based on
antibodies,
which are both on cell surfaces and dissolved in
blood and lymph
Cellular immunity is entirely associated
with cell surfaces
BASIS OF SELF AND NONSELF
RECOGNITION
2) Immediate hypersensitivity
Quite important in some parasitic infections.
reaction involves degranulation of mast cells in
the area
ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
SYNDROME(AIDS)