Optimizing Converged

Cisco Networks (ONT)

Module 2: Cisco VoIP Implementations

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lesson 2.1: Introducing
VoIP Networks

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Describe the benefits of a VoIP network.
 Describe the components of a VoIP network.
 Describe the legacy analog interfaces used in VoIP
networks.
 Describe the digital interfaces used in VoIP networks.
 Explain the 3 phases of call control.
 Compare and contrast distributed and centralized call
control.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Benefits of a VoIP Network
 More efficient use of bandwidth and equipment
 Lower transmission costs
 Consolidated network expenses
 Improved employee productivity through features
provided by IP telephony:
IP phones are complete business communication devices.
Directory lookups and database applications (XML)
Integration of telephony into
any business application
Software-based and wireless phones
offer mobility.
 Access to new communications
devices (such as PDAs and cable
set-top boxes)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Components of a VoIP Network

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Legacy Analog and VoIP Applications Can
Coexist

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Legacy Analog Interfaces in VoIP Networks

Analog Interface Type Label Description

Foreign Exchange Station FXS Used by the PSTN or PBX side of an FXS–FXO connection
Foreign Exchange Office FXO Used by the end device side of an FXS–FXO connection
Earth and Magneto E&M Trunk, used between switches
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Legacy Analog Interfaces in VoIP Networks

1 5

3 2

1 4

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Digital Interfaces

Framing Total
Interface Voice Channels (64 kbps Each) Signaling
Overhead Bandwidth
BRI 2 1 channel (16 kbps) 48 kbps 192 kbps
T1 CAS 24 (no clean 64 kbps because of in-band (robbed-bits 8 kbps 1544 kbps
robbed-bit signaling) in voice channels)
T1 CCS 23 1 channel (64 kbps) 8 kbps 1544 kbps
E1 CAS 30 64 kbps 64 kbps 2048 kbps
E1 CCS 30 1 channel (64 kbps) 64 kbps 2048 kbps
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Call Setup

 Checks call-routing configuration

 Determines bandwidth availability
If bandwidth is available, setup message is passed
If bandwidth is not available, busy signal is generated

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Call Maintenance

 Tracks quality parameters:

Packet loss
Jitter
Delay
 Maintains or drops call based on connection quality

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Call Teardown

 Notifies devices to free resources

 Resources are made available to subsequent calls

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Distributed Call Control

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Centralized Call Control

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Self Check
1. Which type of call control uses a call agent to route
the call?
2. What is a DSP?
3. Name 3 types of analog interfaces used at gateways.
4. What are the 3 components of basic call control?
5. What phase of call control involves determining if
bandwidth is available to place the call?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary
 The benefits of a VoIP network include more efficient
use of network bandwidth and equipment, lower cost
and consolidated expenses.
 Legacy analog and VoIP applications and devices can
coexist.
 The 3 stages of a VoIP call include call setup, call
maintenance, and call teardown.
 VoIP can be deployed in a centralized or distributed
environment.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Q and A

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Resources
 Waveform Coding Techniques
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_not
e09186a00801149b3.shtml

 VoIP Overview (NetBit)

http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireles
s_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.html

 IP Telephony Basics
http://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/
white_papers/4070web.htm

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.