Curved beams

Bending stresses in STRAIGHT BEAMS

Assumptions

1. The material is homogeneous and obeys Hooke’s law.

2. Plane sections perpendicular to the axis of the beam remain plane after
bending.
3. The moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are equal.
4. Segment analyzed is distant from the applied loads
5. Stresses are below the elastic limit and deflections are small
6. Segment is under pure bending (no axial or shear loads)
7. The beam is straight
 
Bending stresses in STRAIGHT BEAMS

• Neutral axis and Centroidal axis coincide

• Neutral axis (stress induced =0)
• Centroidal axis (geometric center)
• Stress distribution is linear
• Outer fiber or layer will be under tension and inner layer or fiber will be
under compression. ()
CURVED BEAM

A curved beam is defined as a beam in which the neutral axis in unloaded

condition is curved instead of straight.
Assumptions:
•The material is homogeneous and obeys Hooke’s law.
•Plane sections perpendicular to the axis of the beam remain plane after
bending.
•The moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are equal.
•Segment analyzed is distant from the applied loads
•Stresses are below the elastic limit and deflections are small
•Segment is under pure bending (no axial or shear loads)
•The cross section has an axis of symmetry in a plane along the length of
the beam
CURVED BEAM
 
CURVED BEAM
• Neutral and centroidal axis do not coincide
• Neutral axis shifts towards the side of center of radius of curvature
• The difference between NA and CA is termed as eccentricity (e
• Stress distribution is not linear but hyperbolic in nature (nonlinear)
• Outer fiber is under tension and inner fiber is under compression
• (in the compression region fiber area is reduced whereas in the tension
region fiber is stretched )

• Applications
• Frame of a C clamp, crane hook, U frame of a press, curved links
CURVED BEAM
• The bending stress at a distance of y from the neutral axis is given by

• For symmetrical components,

• maximum bending stress will occur at the inner fiber.

• For unsymmetrical components,

• maximum bending stress can occur at either inner or outer fiber. (need
to calculate both)
• A crane hook having an approximate trapezoidal cross-section is shown in
figure below. It is made of plain carbon steel 45C8 (Syt = 380 N/mm2) and
the factor of safety is 3.5.Determine the load carrying capacity of the hook.
• Solution
• The maximum stress induced at the given section is because of two stress
components.
1. Direct tensile stress (because of load P)
2. Bending stress

Need to calculate
1. maximum permissible stress
2. calculate eccentricity
3. calculate bending stress
4. calculate direct tensile stress
5. equate step1 with step 3 and step 4
• Solution
• Solution
The C-frame of a 100 kN capacity press is shown in Fig below. The material of
the frame is grey cast iron FG 200 and the factor of safety is 3. Determine the
dimensions of the frame.
Solution
Solution
Solution
Derivation of bending stress in curved beam