Defense University Collage

Of Engineering

B.Tech. Project Progress report

PROGRES PRESENTATION FOR FINAL PROJECT

Title:- Automatic Temperature Control for High Power

Computer Room
PREPARED BY:
1.Aredom Kalayu
2.Guesh Tensay
3.Melkamu Zewde
4.Solomon Mebrahtu

ADVISOR: Dr. Erustu Ygzaw

Bishoftu ,
Ethiopia April 2011
 Abstract
 This project presents the control of the temperature for the high
computer room based on automatic control using temperature
sensor.
 Where automatic system which controls the room temperature
and controls the circulation of temperature inside the room
without human intervention.
 This project will be most helpful for data or document which
store in the computer if the room temperature is less than the
set temperature.
 The system was designed and simulated using Proteus 8
software, and Analysis of controller using Mat-lab system
 CHAPTER ONE

1.Background
 Generally, electronic systems produce more heat, that heat
should be reduced in order to keep the system performance, so
the automatic temperature control is certified as the best
method in any application because the temperature is usually
controlled automatically (no human intervention involved)
throughout the process.
 1.2 Automatic control theory

 An automatic controller compares the actual value of the plant output

with the reference input (set value),determines the deviation, and
produces a control signal that will reduce the deviation to zero or to a
small value.
 Control systems can be classified as either open loop or closed loop.
1.2.1.Open loop control system
 In an open loop system, (a non-feedback control system) there is no
means by which the output is monitored by the system, or A system in
which the output has no effect on the control action or control system.

 This control type is simple and easy to build, cheaper, as they use, less
number of components to build and usually stable. But this open loop
control system are less accurate, if external disturbances are present,
output differs significantly from the desired value.
 1.2.2. Closed Loop Control Systems
 A closed loop system has a feedback path from the output of the
controlled process to the input of the control system allowing the
output to be monitored.
 The output or the controlled variable is measured and compared
with the reference input and an error signal is generated.
 1.3 Statement of the problem
 Most of the time it is difficult to adjusts the room temperature
level using manual method when the computer room
temperature changes.
 Since the data and documents store in the computer have been
lost as a result of this manual temperature control.
 In most time the electrical devices control and operation in
Ethiopia is predominantly manual control. To overcome this
problem our project use automatic temeperature. Control
method which prevent human intervention.
 So our system is more efficient and reliable than manual system.
 1.4 Objective
1.4.1 General objective
• The main objective of this project is to control the temperature in
the high power computer room using pic microcontroller. and mat-
lab software control analysis.
1.4.2 Specific objective
To realize the general objective of this work, the following sub-tasks
are performed
 Selective of components
 Software program appropriate
 To measure the room temperature by using temperature sensor.
 To read data from temperature sensor.
 To Analysis of controller using Mat-lab
 To control the computer room temperature according to our needs.
 1.5 Methodology
For successful completion of this project some steps have been
followed to carry out different tasks. We started with the problem,
and we tried to identify and view previous works on automatic
controls. After that we made our specification and proposed the
automatic temperature control for high power computer room. And
we have designed the software prototype and design a controller
using Mat lab.
 CHAPTER 2
 LITERATURE REVIEW

The related subjects being evaluated here are based on the

Information on gather from books, internet and other sources.

1. Automatic Fan speed Control System using Microcontroller (Mustafa Saad). This
project is Automatic control system and the aim is to develop control strategies
that improve performance when they applied to a system. The fans are
generally available with speed control and depending on the requirement the
speed is set. A circuit with LM35 temperature sensor, PIC16F877A
microcontroller, brush less DC motor and few of electronic components is
designed to control the fan speed automatically.
2. automatic temperature control with cooling system using microcontroller that
has similarly with our project (Arun Bera, and Sonal Kumar). This project is
designed to control the room temperature automatically for those temperature
sensitive instruments and any other industrial applications. This circuit
comprises of Microcontroller AT89S52, Analog to Digital Converter ADC0804,
Temperature sensor LM35, and 16×2 LCD, etc.
 Cont…..
3. Development and temperature control of smart egg incubator
system for various types of egg (Okpagu, P.E. & Nwosu, A.W.) This
project is aimed at designing and developing an egg incubator
system that is able to incubate various types of egg within the
temperature range of 35 – 40’C. This system uses temperature
sensors that can measure the condition of the incubator and
automatically change to the suitable condition for the egg.
Mathematical model of the incubator, actuator and PID controller
were developed. Controller design based on the models was
developed using Mat lab Simulink. A circuit with AT89C52
Microcontroller, DC motor , LCD, Keypad , electric bulbs
 CHAPTER 3
Physical Systems of Mathematical Modeling Computer Room for temperature control

3.1. Block diagram of the physical system control analysis

 3.2 Thermal Systems
 Thermal systems are systems in which heat transfer takes place
from one substance to another. They can be characterized by
thermal resistance and capacitance, analogous to electrical
resistance and capacitance.

 Thermal system is usually a nonlinear system and since the

temperature of a substance is not uniform throughout the body,
it is a distributed system. But for simplicity of analysis, the
system is assumed to be linear and is represented by Lumped
parameters model.
 Cont….

• Consider
  from the thermal system shown below assume that the
room is insulated to eliminate heat loss to the surrounding air,
there is no heat storage in the insulation and the computer in the
room is kept at uniform temperature.
 If there is high temperature present so, there is a complex
temperature distribution through the computer and the problem
becomes one of the distributed parameters, requiring the use of
partial differential equations.
 Assume that the steady-state temperature of the reference (set-
point) is, and that of the output from computers room
temperature is ,and also the steady-state heat input rate from
the heater is H. To obtain a linear model we shall use small-signal
analysis.
 cont…
D.E.C server room model
 Cont…
•   be a small increase in the heat input rate from its steady-state
Let)
value. This increase in heat input rate will result in increase of heat
output rate by an amount and a heat stroge rate of the computer in
the room by an amount. Consequently the temperature of the
computer in the room and therefore output temperature rises by.
the increase in output rate is only due to the rise in temperature of
the output rate temperature is given by
=/R (1)
Where R =1/Qs, is defined as the thermal resistance and has units of
/J/min. So the rate of heat storage in the room is given by

=C (2)
 Cont...
•   C =MS, is defined as the thermal capacitance and has the units
Where
of J. From the differential equations the heat flow balance is
+
=/R + C 
R () =RC + (3)
 

Equation (3) describes the dynamic of the thermal system with the
assumption that the temperature rate temperature inflowing to the
room is constant. The along with a heat input signal from the
Computers, there is an additional signal due to changing in the
temperature of the room which is known as disturbance signal.
 Cont…

•  i be change in the temperature of the room from the steady-state

Let
value. Now in addition to the change in heat input from the Computers,
there is a change in heat carried by the rate temperature in the room.
Therefore the heat flow equation becomes
+ /R = /R+ C
RC + = R (4)

Let as now relax the assumption that the room insulation is perfect. As the
set temperature increases by, the rate of heat flow through the room to
the ambient medium increases by

= (5)

Where Rt is the thermal resistance of the room, so the equation (4) is

modified to
 Cont…

•+ /R
  +C
 Or
R’C + = + R’ () (6)

Where R’ = - is the effective thermal resistance due to

temperature outflow and room
(its parallel combination of R and Rt’).
 3.3 Transfer Functions

• The
  transfer function of a linear time-invariant system is defined to
be the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output variable to the
transform of the input variable under that initial conditions are zero.
 It describes the input output behavior of the system and does give
any information concerning the internal structure of the system.
 Therefore when working with a linear-time-invariant system, we can
think of system or its sub-system simply as interconnected block with
block described by a transfer functions.

So the Laplace transforming, and the transfer function of the thermal

system is:

= (7)
 
 Cont…
•So the block diagram representation of the system is
shown in the fig. below when the system is subjected to a
disturbance, the dynamic is describes by equation (4)
taking the Laplace transformation of this equation, we get
(RCs + 1) = + R (8)

The corresponding block diagram representation is given

in the fig 3.5b