Volcanic Eruption

Volcanic Eruption

 the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic
material such as lava, rocks, dust, ash and gas compounds
 Volcanic eruptions happen with early warnings unlike earthquakes that
are sudden. There are early warning signs before a volcano erupts so
there is at least time for residents around the volcano to prepare before
the actual eruption occurs
Types Of Volcanic Eruptions

  Magmatic eruptions
involve the decompression of gas within magma that propels it
forward
 Phreatomagmatic eruptions 
are another type of volcanic eruption, driven by the compression
of gas within magma, the direct opposite of the process
powering magmatic activity
 Phreatic eruption
which is driven by the superheating of steam via contact
with magma; these eruptive types often exhibit no magmatic
release, instead causing the granulation of existing rock.
 Precautionary
Measures Before,
During, and After
Volcanic Eruptions
 Before
Volcanic Eruptions
 Each one should be aware of the dangers that volcanic
eruptions pose to lives and be prepared to face whatever
circumstances the eruption may bring.
  Prepare all necessary things to bring once evacuation is
needed. Those in danger zones are warned when to
evacuate. Once given the signal refrain from saying you will
be all right. Refusing to evacuate will pose more serious
problems. 
 Volcanic eruptions have ash falls so be prepared for masks
or anything to cover nose and mouth.
Respiratory symptoms (short-term)
• runny nose
• sore throat/coughing
• wheezing/shortness of breath
• possible bronchitus

Eye symptoms (short-term)

• may become itchy or bloodshot
• corneal abrasions or scratches
• tearings
 Store as much food, water, light sources and batteries that
are very useful in case of emergency.
 Prioritize the safety of kids before other things. If you have
relatives or friends who are far from the volcano, take your
children there until such time that your place is safe
 During
Volcanic Eruptions
 Avoid all low-lying places because lava flows and mudflows
are more likely to pass here.
 Seek cover in case of ash falls rock falls.
 Use masks and cover your mouth and nose to avoid
breathing in ashes.
 If you are inside a house; close all doors and windows to
avoid ashes from getting inside.
  Always stay indoors.
 Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions. Do
not attempt to leave the place unless told to do.
After Volcanic Eruptions
 Clean everything around and check all damages incurred.
 Use masks while cleaning ash and other debris.
 Wait for further announcements related to the volcano
activities.

 Make sure that your house is still safe for all of you.
Volcanic eruptions could be handled
easier than earthquakes because
there are early signs before the
actual eruption so you are already
prepared at the time of eruption.
Always take precautionary
measures in order to avoid serious
problems.
Most Destructive Volcanic Eruptions
Mt. Krakatoa, Indonesia
Date: August 16th-28th 1883
Death toll: 36,000

 Due to this eruption a massive two

thirds of Krakatoa actually collapsed,
destroying a large proportion of the
island. There were significant effects
felt across the world, the sound of
the explosion was so loud that it was
heard in Australia and spectacular
sunsets were experienced around the
globe for months following the
eruption.
Mt. Pelee, West Indies
Date: April 25th-May 8th, 1902
Death toll: 40,000

 At the time of the eruption the

volcano was thought to be dormant
but a series of eruptions began in
April 25th 1902, resulting in the final
eruption on May 8th 1902. This final
eruption was so destructive that is
destroyed the city of St. Pierre. There
were only two survivors.
Mt. Tambora, Indonesia
Date: April 10th -15th, 1816
Death toll: 92,000

 As a result of this eruption the once tall

volcano that stood at 13,000 feet was
reduced to 9,000 feet. Also due to the
destructive eruption, 1816 became
known as the “year without summer”
because the ash in the atmosphere
reduced the temperature, this was felt
worldwide, not just in Indonesia.
Interestingly, it is thought that an
additional 100,000 people may have
died from crop failures as far as Europe
and America due to the reduction in
temperatures as a direct result of the
eruption.
  The Philippines is located in the Pacific Ocean’s Ring of Fire, volcanic and
seismic activities can occur anytime in the Philippines, which has 23
active volcanoes – a number that can still increase, according to the
country’s volcanologists

 The top 3 most popular volcanoes in the Philippines:

- Mayon Volcano (Albay)
- Taal Volcano(Tagaytay City)
- Mount Pinatubo(Zambales)

Volcano Year Cause of Deaths

Taal, Philippines 1911 1,335 Ash flows
Mayon, 1814 1,200 Mudflows
Philippines
Pinatubo, 1991 800 Disease
Philippines
Hibok-Hibok, 1951 500 Ash flows
Philippines