“STUDY OF PROTECTION EQUIPMENTS OF A SUB STATION”

Presented by:
B.S.V.SANTHOSH KUMAR

SURYA ANUSHA GARIMELLA

AJAY KUMAR YADAV
P.MANOHAR
 INTRODUCTION
 What is protection?
 What is the need for protection?
 Where are the protection equipments
employed?
PROTECTION EQUIPMENTS OF A SUBSTATION
ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

Relays
Circuit Breakers
Lightning Arresters
 RELAYS

 What is Relay?
 Essential qualities of relays are:
Reliability
Selectivity
Speed
Sensitivity
SIMPLE RELAY CIRCUIT
 The Relays are employed as protective equipment
in:
Transmission lines
Feeders

Transformers
RELAYS IN TRANSMISSION LINES

Over current Relay

Earth fault Relay
Distance Relay
VOLTAGE Protection
scheme

220KV lines Distance

protection

132KV Distance
protection
TRANSMISSION LINE CONTROL PANEL
RELAY PANEL
 RELAYS IN FEEDERS

 Over current relays

 Earth fault relays
FEEDER CONTROL PANEL
RELAYS IN TRANSFORMERS
Over current relays
Earth fault relays
Buchholz relays
Differential relays
Capacity & HV side LV side Common relays
voltage ratio
100MVA, 3 overload 3 overload relays Differential,
220KV/132KV relays(R,Y,B) and (R,Y,B) and 1 earth Bucholtz
earth fault relay fault relay
31.5MVA, 10MVA 3 overload relays 3 overload relays Differential,
132KV/33KV and 1 earth fault and 1 earth fault Bucholtz,
relay relay
BUCHHOLZ ‘S RELAY
TRANSFORMER CONTROL PANEL
CIRCUIT BREAKERS

What is Circuit breaker?

What is the basic principle of circuit breaker?
The different types of circuit breakers are:

 SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

 MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS

 AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERS

 VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKERS

DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES USED TO EXTINGUISH THE ARC ARE:

 Lengthening of the arc

 Intensive cooling (in jet chamber)
 Division into partial arcs
 Zero point quenching
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Make : BHEL

Rated voltage : 145KV

Normal current : 1680A
Short circuit breaking current : 31.5KA
Rated operating sequence : 0-0.3sec
Rated SF6 pressure : 6.5 bar
Short time with stand current : 31.5KA
VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
 Make : BHEL
 Type
: ELF-245
 Rated voltage
: 245 KV
 Normal current
: 2000KA
 Short Circuit breaking
current : 40KA
 Short time withstand current
: 40KA
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
 Twelve220KV lightning
arresters,
 Six 132KV lightning
arresters
 Fifteen 33KV lightning
arresters in service.
 CONCLUSION
 Overall we have studied all the protection equipments
that are being used at 220KV/132KV/33KV Dairy farm
sub-station and the various other equipments such as
control equipments, switch yard equipments etc.
 Based on the capacity and operating conditions different
relay protection schemes are employed for the protection
of transformers and in order to have safe, smooth and
trouble free operation of the system.