Developmental Stages in

Middle and Late

Adolescence
HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
• Human development focuses on
human growth and changes
across the lifespan, including
physical, cognitive, social,
intellectual, perceptual,
personality and emotional
growth.
• The study of human development
is essential to understanding
how humans learn, mature, and
adapt.
 HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
• Throughout their lives, humans go through
various stages of development.
• The human being is either in a state of
growth or decline, but either condition
imparts change.
• Some aspects of our life change very little
over time, are consistent.
• Other aspects change dramatically.
• By understanding these changes, we can
better respond and plan ahead effectively.
 HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Erik Erikson
BASIC
IMPORTA
STAGE CONFLICT VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
N T
S /
EVENTS
CRISIS

At this stage babies

learn to trust that Children
their parents will develop a sense
Stage 1
meet their needs. of trust when
Trust If a child’s basic caregivers
INFANCY
Vs. Feeding Hope needs aren’t provide
(birth to
Mistrust properly met at reliability, care,
18
this age, he/she and affection. A
months)
might grow up with lack of this will
a general mistrust lead to mistrust.
of the world.
 BASIC
IMPORTANT
STAGE CONFLICT / VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
EVENTS
S CRISIS

As toddlers,
children begin
to develop
independence Children need to
and start to develop a sense
learn that they of personal
can do some control over
Stage 2
things on their physical skills and
Autonomy
own (such as a sense of
EARLY Vs. Toilet
Will going to the independence.
CHILDHOOD Shame and Trainin
toilet). If a child Success leads to
(18 months Doubt g
is not feeling of
to
encouraged autonomy, while
3 years)
properly at this failure results in
age, he or she feelings of shame
might develop and doubt.
shame and
doubt about
their abilities.
 BASIC
IMPORTANT
STAGE CONFLICT / VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
EVENTS
S CRISIS

As preschoolers,
children
continue to Children need to
develop more begin asserting
independence control and power
and start to do over the
things of their environment.
Stage 3 own initiative. If Success in this
Initiative
a child is not stage leads to a
Vs. Exploration Purpose
PRESCHOOL able to take sense of purpose.
Guilt
(3 to 5 years) initiative and Children who try
succeed at to exert too much
appropriate power
tasks, he or she experience
might develop disapproval,
guilt over resulting in a
his/her needs sense of guilt.
and desires.
 BASIC
IMPORTANT
STAGE CONFLICT / VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
EVENTS
S CRISIS

Throughout
their school
years, children
continue to
Children need to
develop self-
cope with new
confidence
social and
through
Stage 4 academic
Industry learning new
demands. Success
Vs. School Competence things. If they
SCHOOL AGE leads to a sense
Inferiorit are not
(6 to 11 years) of competence,
y encouraged
while failure
and praised
results in feeling
properly at this
of inferiority.
age, they may
develop
inferiority
complex.
 BASIC
CONFLICT IMPORTAN
STAGES T EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
/
CRISIS

When they reach

the teenage years,
children stat to
care about how
they look to Teens need to
others. They start develop a sense
forming their own of self and
identity by personal identity.
Stage 5
Identity experimenting Success leads to n
Vs. Social with who they ability to stay
ADOLESCENCE Role Fidelity are. If a teenager true to yourself,
(12 to 18 Relationships
Confusion is unable to wile failure leads
years) properly develop to role confusion
an identity at this and a weak sense
age, his or her role of self.
confusion will
probably continue
on the adulthood.
 BASIC
CONFLICT IMPORTAN
STAGES T EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
/
CRISIS

During early
adulthood, most
people fall in love, Young adults need
get married and to form intimate,
start building their loving
own family. If a relationships with
Stage 6 person is unable other people.
Intimacy to develop Success leads to
YOUNG intimacy with strong
ADULTHOO Vs. Relationships Love
Isolation other at this age relationships,
D (19 to 40 (whether through while failure
years) marriage or close results in
friendship) they loneliness and
will probably isolation.
develop feelings
of isolation.
 BASIC
IMPORTAN
STAGE CONFLICT / VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
T EVENTS
S CRISIS

This is the
longest period of
Adults need to
a human’s life. It
create or nurture
is the stage in
things that will
which people
outlast them,
are usually
often by having
working and
children or
Stage 7 contributing to
creating a positive
society in some
Generativity change that
MIDDLE Work and way and perhaps
Vs. Care benefits other
ADULTHOO Parenthoo raising their
Stagnation people. Success
D (40 to 65 d children. If a
leads to feelings
years) person does not
of usefulness and
find proper ways
accomplishments,
to be productive
while failure
during this
results in shallow
period, they will
environment in
probably
the world.
develop feelings
of stagnation.
 BASIC
CONFLICT / IMPORTAN
STAGES T EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME
CRISIS

As senior
citizens, people
tend to look Older adults need
back on their to look back on
lives and think life and feel a
about what they sense of
have no fulfillment.
Stage 8 Success at this
Ego Integrity accomplished. If
Vs. Reflection on age leads to
MATURITY Life Wisdom a person has led
Despair a productive life, feelings of
(65 to death) wisdom, while
they will develop
a feeling of failure results in
integrity if not, regret, bitterness,
they might fall and despair.
into despair.
 THE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
SUMMARY TABLE
INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0 – 5)
•Leaning to walk
•Learning to take solid foods
•Learning to talk
•Learning to control the elimination of body
waste
•Learning sex differences and sexual
modesty
•Acquiring concepts and language to describe social
and physical reality
•Readiness for reading
 MIDDLE
CHILDHOOD
(6 – 12)
•Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
•Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself
•Learning to get along with age mates
•Learning an appropriate sex role
•Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing,
and calculating
•Developing concepts necessary for everyday
living
•Developing conscience, morality and a scale of
values
•Achieving personal independence
 ADOLESCENCE
(13 – 18)
•Achieving mature relations with
both sexes
•Achieving a masculine or
feminine social role
•Accepting one’s physique
•Achieving emotional
independence of adults
•Preparing for marriage and
family life
•Preparing for an economic
career
 EARLY ADULTHOOD
(19 – 30)
•Selecting a mate
•Learning to live with a partner
•Starting a family
•Rearing children
•Managing a home
•Starting an occupation
•Assuming civic responsibility
 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
(30 – 60)
•Helping teenage children to become happy and
responsible adults
• Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
• Satisfactory career achievement
• Developing adult leisure time activities
• Relating to one’s spouse as a person
•Accepting the physiological changes of
middle age
• Adjusting to aging parent
 LATE MATURITY
(61+)
•Adjusting to decreasing
strength and health
•Adjusting to retirement and
reduced income
•Adjusting to death of spouse
•Establishing relations with one’s own age
group
•Meeting social and civic obligations
•Establishing satisfactory living quarters