Point-to-Point Protocol

(PPP)

Accessing the WAN – Chapter 2

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 1

 Objectives
 Describe the fundamental concepts of point-to-point serial
communication including TDM, demarcation point, DTE-DCE
functions, HDLC encapsulation, and serial interface
troubleshooting.
 Describe PPP concepts including PPP layered architecture, PPP
frame structure, PPP session establishment, multiprotocol
encapsulation support, link control protocol (LCP), network control
protocol (NCP), and Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP).
 Configure PPP on a serial interface including enabling PPP
encapsulation, verifying the PPP connection and troubleshooting
encapsulation problems.
 Configure PPP authentication including explaining PAP and
CHAP authentication protocols, configuring PPP authentication
using PAP and CHAP, and troubleshooting PPP authentication
problems.

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 2

 Serial Point-to-Point Links

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 3

 Introducing serial communications
 Compare serial and parallel communications

22 factors
factors that
that affect
affect parallel
parallel communications:
communications: clock
clock skew
skew and
and rosstalk
rosstalk interference.
interference.

Animation in curriculum 2.1.1.1

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 4
 Introducing serial communications
 Serial communication

33 serial
serial communication
communication
standards:
standards:
•• RS-232
RS-232
•• V.35
V.35
•• HSSI
HSSI

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 5

 TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
 TDM transmits two or more channels over the same
link by allocating a different time interval (time slot) for
the transmission of each channel.

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 6

 TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
 STDM (Statistical Time Division Multiplexing)

•• STDM
STDM uses
uses aa variable
variable time
time slot
slot length
length allowing
allowing
channels
channels to
to compete
compete for
for any
any free
free slot
slot space.
space.
•• STDM
STDM requires
requires each
each transmission
transmission to to carry
carry
identification
identification information
information (a(a channel
channel identifier).
identifier).
CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 7
 TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
 TDM Examples: ISDN, SONET, DS0, T-carrier
hierarchy.

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 8

 Demarcation point
 The demarcation point is the point in the network where
the responsibility of the service provider ends.

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 9

 DTE and DCE
 DTE: Router and DCE: CSU/DSU (modem)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 10

 DTE and DCE
 Cable standard

Animation in curriculum 2.1.4.2

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 11
 DTE and DCE
 Cable standard

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 12

 HDLC encasulation
 High-level data link control (HDLC) uses one of 3 frame
types to encapsulate data

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 13

 HDLC encasulation
 Standard and Cisco HDLC frame format

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 14

 HDLC encasulation
 HDLC frame type

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 15

 Configuring HDCL encapsulation
 Cisco HDLC is the default encapsulation method used
by Cisco devices on synchronous serial lines.

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 16

 Troubleshoot the serial line
 Command displays information specific to serial
interfaces

55 possible
possible problem
problem states
states in
in the
the interface
interface status
status line:
line:
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is down,
down, line
line protocol
protocol isis down
down
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is up,
up, line
line protocol
protocol isis down
down
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is up,
up, line
line protocol
protocol isis up
up (looped)
(looped)
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is up,
up, line
line protocol
protocol isis down
down (disabled)
(disabled)
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is administratively
administratively down,
down, line
line protocol
protocol is
is down
down

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 17

 Troubleshoot the serial line
 The procedure to follow when troubleshooting a serial
connection

Animation in curriculum 2.1.7.1

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 18
 PPP Concepts

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 19

 Point-to-Point Concepts
 What is PPP?

When
When youyou need
need to
to
connect
connect toto aa non-Cisco
non-Cisco
router,
router, you
you should
should use
use
PPP
PPP encapsulation
encapsulation

PPP
PPP encapsulates
encapsulates data data
frames
frames for
for transmission
transmission over
over
Layer
Layer 22 physical
physical links
links

3 main components of PPP

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 20
 PPP Layered Architechture
 Physical layer

PPP
PPP operates
operates across
across
any
any DTE/DCE
DTE/DCE interface
interface
(RS-232-C,
(RS-232-C, RS-422,
RS-422,
RS-423,
RS-423, or
or V.35)
V.35)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 21

 PPP Layered Architechture
 LCP layer

LCP
LCP layer
layer has
has aa role
role in
in
establishing,
establishing,
configuring,
configuring, and
and testing
testing
the
the data-link
data-link connection
connection

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 22

 PPP Layered Architechture
 NCP layer

For
For every
every network
network layer
layer
protocol
protocol used,
used, PPP
PPP
uses
uses aa separate
separate NCP
NCP

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 23

 PPP frame structure
 PPP Frame fields

01111110
01111110

11111111
11111111 Max
Max 1500
1500
bytes
bytes
00000011
00000011

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 24

 Establishing a PPP session
 The 3 phases of establishing a PPP session

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 25

 Establishing the link with LCP
 Establishing the link

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 26

 Establishing the link with LCP
 The LCP link negotiation process

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 27

 Establishing the link with LCP
 LCP packet

1:
1: Configure-Request
Configure-Request
2:
2: Configure-Ack
Configure-Ack
3:
3: Configure-Nack
Configure-Nack
4:
4: Configure-Reject
Configure-Reject
5:
5: Terminate-Request
Terminate-Request
6:
6: Terminate-Ack
Terminate-Ack
7:
7: Code-Reject
Code-Reject
8:
8: Protocol-Reject
Protocol-Reject
9:
9: Echo-Request
Echo-Request
10:
10: Echo-Reply
Echo-Reply
11:
11: Discard-Request
Discard-Request

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 28

 Establishing the link with LCP
 PPP Configuration options

Stacker or Predictor

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 29

 NCP explained
 NCP Process

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 30

 Configuring PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 31

 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 PPP configuration options

LCP
LCP options:
options:
•• Authentication
Authentication
•• Compression
Compression
•• Error
Error detection
detection
•• Multilink
Multilink
•• PPP
PPP Callback
Callback

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 32

 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 PPP Configuration commands

Router#
Router# configure
configure terminal
terminal
Router(config)#
Router(config)# interface
interface serial
serial 0/0
0/0
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# encapsulation
encapsulation ppp
ppp
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# compress
compress [predictor
[predictor ||
stac]
stac]
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# ppp
ppp quality
quality 80
80
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# ppp
ppp multilink
multilink

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 33

 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 Verifying a serial PPP Encapsulation Configuration

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 34

 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 Troubleshooting the Serial Encapsulation Configuration

Detail in curriculum 2.3.4.2

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 35
 Configuring PPP with
Authentication

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 36

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Differentiate between PAP and CHAP

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 37

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)

Router
Router R1
R1 connects
connects to
to Router
Router R3
R3

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 38

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Router
Router R1
R1 connects
connects to
to Router
Router R3
R3

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 39

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 PPP encapsulation and authentication process

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 40

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 PPP encapsulation and authentication process

Animation in curriculum 2.4.4.1

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 41
 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 The PPP authentication command

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 42

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 PAP authentication configuration

PAP
PAP Bi-directional
Bi-directional Authentication
Authentication

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 43

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 PAP authentication configuration

Server Client

S0
S1

Server(config)# username abc password 12345 Client(config)# interface serial 1

Server(config)# interface serial 0 Client(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Server(config-if)# encapsulation ppp Client(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username
Server(config-if)# ppp authentication pap abc password 12345

PAP
PAP Undirectional
Undirectional Authentication
Authentication
CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 44
 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 CHAP authentication configuration

CHAP
CHAP Authentication
Authentication

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 45

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Troubleshoot a PPP configuration with authentication

Code:
Code:
11 == Challenge
Challenge
22 == Response
Response
33 == Success
Success
44 == Failure
Failure

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 46

 Summary

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 47

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 48