HAZARD ASSESMENT ON FIRE, GAS

DETECTION AND CONTROL

Presented by

P.JAGATHEESAN (622515423003)
PROJECT GUIDE
Mr.P.SATHEESHKUMAR.,M.Tech.,(AP/MECH)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL
 CONTENT
• Objectives.
.
• Introduction.
• Literature Review.
• Problem Identification.
• Common fire hazards.
• Fire safety plan structure
• Use of fire safety plans
• Advances in fire safety planning
• Handling of gas cylinders
• Embedded system
• Applications.
• Conclusion.
• References.
 OBJECTIVES
Our objective is to design a Fire, Gas
Leakage Alarm System that would fulfill the
following objectives:
 Indicate the room in which Gas leakage, fire erupted
 Sound the alarm if fire, Gas leakage occurs
 The system should be flexible enough to be easily modified in
case if new rooms are added to the building
 The system should also provide the flexibility to adjust the
temperature and smoke sensitivity levels as per the operating
environment.
 The system should never be in any ambiguous state. Under
normal conditions the system should indicate the state of the
room as ‘NORMAL’ in order to avoid any confusion.
 INTRODUCTION
Fire, Gas leakages are a common problem in households and industries.
If not detected and corrected at the right time, it can also be life threatening.
Unlike a traditional gas leakage alarm system which only senses a leakage and
sounds an alarm, the idea behind our solution is to turn off the main power
supply and gas connection as soon as a gas leakage is detected apart from
sounding the alarm.
 In addition to this, a message is sent to an authorized person informing him
about the leakage.
There are mainly three units, in this circuit: Fire sensor unit, Gas sensor unit,
Relay, Microcontroller unit. For detecting Fire, dangerous & flammable gas
leaks in any closed environment such as a car, house, service station or storage
tank, a gas sensor is used which detects natural gas, LPG and coal gas.
This sensor can also be used to sense other gases like ISO-butane, propane and
even cigarette smoke. This unit can easily be incorporated into an alarm unit to
sound an alarm.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Author name :ANAND VARDHAN BHALLA , SUPRIYA BHARGAVA
Journals:Performance Improvement of Vision Based Fire Detection System
Information : The proposed system is based on combination of various methods used for
fire detection using image processing.

Author name :JING-YONG SU, ZHE-MING LU, Jeng-shyang pan

Journals : Fire Alarm System Based-on video Processing
Information :A fire alarm is given as soon as the fire-alarming condition is
met. Our future work is focused on applying fractal dimension to detect
fire for reducing false alarms.

• Author name : S.RAJITHA,T.SWAPNA.

Journals : A Security Alert System using GSM for GAS Leakage
Information : its desirable properties like homes, hostels, industries this system
automatically alert the people by sending the message and alert the people at home by
activating alarm.
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction
caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended
to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to
limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.
 Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the
construction of a building or implemented in structures that are
already standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the
building.
 Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards. A fire
hazard may include a situation that increases the likelihood of a fire
or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
 COMMON FIRE HAZARDS

Kitchen fires from unattended cooking, such as frying,

broiling, and simmering
Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot
wiring or connections, or failed components
Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
Combustibles near equipment that generates heat,
flame, or sparks
Candles and other open flames
Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)
 FIRE SAFETY PLAN TRUCTURE
• Key contact information
• Utility services (Including shut-off valves for water, gas and
electric)
• Access issues
• Dangerous stored materials
• Location of people with special needs
• Connections to sprinkler system
• Layout, drawing, and site plan of building
• Maintenance schedules for life safety systems
• Personnel training and fire drill procedure
• Create safe haven (zone)
 USE OF FIRE SAFETY PLANS

• Fire safety plans are a useful tool for fire fighters to

have because they allow them to know critical
information about a building that they may have to go
into. Using this, fire fighters can locate and avoid
potential dangers such as hazardous material
(hazmat) storage areas and flammable chemicals.
• In addition to this, fire safety plans can also
provide specialized information that, in the case of a
hospital fire, can provide information about the
location of things like the nuclear medicine ward.
 ADVANCES IN FIRE SAFETY PLANNING
 As previously stated, a copy of the approved fire safety plan shall be
.
available for the responding fire department.
 This, however, is not always the case.
 Up until now, all fire plans were stored in paper form in the fire
department.
 The problem with this is that sorting and storing these plans is a
challenge, and it is difficult for people to update their fire plans.
 As a result, only half of the required buildings have fire plans, and
of those, only around 10 percent are up-to-date.
 This problem has been solved through the introduction of digital fire
plans.
 These fire plans are stored in a database and can be accessed
wirelessly on site by firefighters and are much simpler for building
owners to update.
SPECIAL HAZARDS AND CAUTIONS APPLICABLE
TO COMMON INDUSTRIAL GASES

 The potential to create oxygen-rich or oxygen-deficient atmospheres

 The need to tie down and maintain control over cylinders, hoses, and other
equipment
 The need to protect critical equipment from damage and replace equipment
that may become damaged
 The need to respect cautions and mechanical safeguards built into many
components, such as intentionally incompatible fittings that are used with
incompatible products
 The need to understand the effect of intense cold on ordinary materials,
including carbon steel, which becomes brittle at very low temperatures
 The need to use appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid severe
damage to unprotected flesh exposed to cryogenic temperatures.
 HANDLING OF GAS CYLINDERS
 Compressed gas cylinders should be handled only by those
familiar with the hazards and who are trained in the proper
handling techniques.
 Cylinders containing compressed gases are heavy and awkward
to move. Improper handling of compressed gas cylinders can
result in sprains, strains, falls, bruises, or broken bones.
 Other hazards such as fire, explosion, chemical burns,
poisoning, and cold burns could occur if gases accidentally
escape from the cylinder due to mishandling.
 Take the following precautions to prevent injuries caused by the
improper handling of compressed gas cylinders.
 NEVER

 Drag or slide cylinders, even for short distances.

 Drop cylinders or permit them to strike each
other violently.
 Subject cylinders to mechanical shocks that may
cause damage to their valves.
 Use cylinders as rollers for moving material or
other equipment.
 Tamper with pressure-relief devices.
 ALWAYS

Move cylinders using a suitable hand truck or cart

Leave the valve protection cap and valve seal outlet
in place until the cylinder has been secured in place
and is ready to be used.
Secure cylinders when in storage, transit, or use.
When returning cylinders to the supplier, properly
close the cylinder valve, replace and secure any valve
outlet seals, and properly install the cylinder cap.
Use a cylinder cage or cradle to lift a cylinder
 PROPER USE OF COMPRESSED
GASES
Attempt to mix gases in a cylinder.
Insert an object (e.g., wrench, screw driver, etc.) into
valve cap openings to remove a stuck cylinder cap.
Doing so may damage or open the valve, causing a
leak to occur. Use an adjustable strap wrench to
remove over-tight or rusted caps.
Allow any part of a cylinder to be exposed to
temperatures exceeding 125°F (52°C).
Permit cylinders to become part of an electrical circuit.
Use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Battery GRID
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM
• Cost of production is very low.
• It is an advanced and latest technology.
• Production time is very less.
• It improves the efficiency of the host machine
tremendously.
 LCD DISPLAY
 Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials which combine
the properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather than having
a melting point, they have a temperature range within which
the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a
liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a
crystal.
 An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid
crystal material sand witched in between them.
 The inner surface of the glass plates are coated with
transparent electrodes which define the character,
symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers
are present in between the electrodes and the liquid
crystal, which makes the liquid   crystal molecules to
maintain a defined orientation angle.
 PIEZOELECTRIC SOUNDER AND BUZZER

 Buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic,

typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a
microwave oven, or game shows.
 APPLICATION

This project is applicable in following fields

Home
Industrial Combustible gas detector
Factories
LPG storage
Gas cars
Hotels
LPG TRANSPORTATION etc
 CONCLUSION

• Fire, Gas leakages in households and industries cause risk to life

and property.
• A huge loss has to be incurred for the accident occurred by such
problems.
• A solution to such a problem is to set up a monitoring system which
keeps on monitoring the fire, Temperature, leakage of any kind of
flammable gases and protects the consumer from such accidents.
• The present paper provides a solution to prevent such accidents by
not only monitoring the system but by also switching off the
machine power with alternate power source.
•  
 REFERENCE
• B.Ugur.Toreyin, Y. Dedeoglu, U.Gudukbay, and A.EnisCetin,
“Computer Vision Based Method for Real-Time Fire and Flame
Detection”, Pattern Recognition Letters, 2006, pp.49-58.
• Compartments”, Knowledge-Based Systems, volume 9, pp.531-541.
• GSM:” Architecture, protocols and services” by Jorg Eberspacher,
Christian, Hansjoerg vogel, Christian Hartmann, John Wiley Son
Ltd, 2009
• Hanwei Electronics Co. Ltd, MQ 5 sensor Datasheet.
• Luay Friwan,Khaldon Lweesy, Aya Bani-Salma, Nour Mani , “A
Wireless Home Safety Gas Leakage Detection System”, IEEE 2011.
• Rajkamal,”Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and
Design”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education
• Simon Y. Foo, “A Rule-Based Machine Vision System for Fire
Detection in Aircraft Dry Bays and Engine.
Thank you...