Variabel penelitian

Leo Sutrisno
2000
Bahan diskusi M.Si Sos-AN Untan

sept 2000
 Quantitative research
Population sample
Statistical
analysis
Measurement
Data
Instrumentation
Hypothesis Testing
hypothesis
Atomization
result

Literature Writing
Problem report
review
Report

Presentation/p
Real world
sept 2000 explanation ublication
 1. Variable Vs constant
• Concept: what is to be studied
• Problem: what is to be solved
• Variable: anything that can be measured
• Constant: measure that is not allowed to vary
Potential variables; environmental variables; individual-difference
variables
A potential trap:
just because people differ on certain characteristics doesn’t
mean that these differences will show through

Reading research articles

If the selection process has been designed to ensure that the
sample is identical on some measure trait, for particular study
the common trait is not a variable but a constant
sept 2000
 Group ‘s interest Case 1

Group A

Other groups conflict attitude

Group B

communication

Certain factors (constants) must be remain unchanged throughout the

study in order to measure potential impact of other factors that are
purposefully designed to vary (variables)

sept 2000
 The longer muscles produce more strength than
shorter muscles
Case 2

age height
Maturity of the
muscle
weight
strength

sept 2000
 Independent Vs dependent variables

• Antecedent-consequent relationships
Experimental study: Post-facto study :
Independent var. (IV) --> dependent predictor var. -->
var. (DV) prediction var.

0
X
X O
Manipulated IV / Within-
0a Subject IV / subject
active IV /
classification IV/ comparison
causal IV assigned IV/
Between- predictive IV
group
comparison
sept 2000 Cause-and-effect trap
 Measurement
• Measurement Scale: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Nominal: Ordinal: Interval: Ratio:

- room examination Fahrenheit Weight
numbers results temperature
4

4 3 4

2 3
3

1 2
2
1 0 1

1 sept 2000
2 3 4 0
Fakta
Pengeritan Putusan
Api
Lilin menyala
Lilin

Gas mudah terbakar

balon
Balon berisi gas Kesimpulan
Gas
Lilin yang menyala itu harus
dijauhkan dari balon

sept 2000
Berpikir
Sesuatu Pengetahuan tentang sesuatu
Inti sari
Kata/lambang
konsep
Pernyataan Singular

Pengertian Definisi fakta

Kalimat/preskripsi
Pernyataan nonsingular

imperatif hortatory
generalisasi

sept 2000
Value judgement
variabel sikap
Sikap adalah keadaan (manusia) yang menyukai atau
definisi tidak menyukai terhadap sesuatu

Kognitif: pendapat
afektif: perasaan
batas-batas konatif: perilaku
kecenderungan
aktual

Tes sikap:
Alat - ukur Likert, Thrustone, Guttman

sept 2000