HIV

HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS

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 HISTORY IN THE MAKING: TIMELINE OF THE VIRUS
▪ 1920: Believed to have began during this time through the transmission of
chimpanzees
▪ Late 1970’s-1980: HIV epidemic hits
▪ 1982: HIV was called, “gay-related immune deficiency”. Most cases were
happening in homosexual men. 2 months later CDC gave it the name, “AIDS”.
▪ 1983: Found it could be contracted through heterosexual sex. Discovered the virus
was contagious only through body fluids. USA cases: 3,064 infected, 1,292 dead.
▪ 1984: CDC informs the public of dangers in sharing needles; private sex houses are
shut down. USA cases: 7,699 infected, 3,665 dead.
▪ 1986: Found that HIV causes AIDS. 85 countries have high numbers of infections.
▪ 1987: FDA approves HIV treatment, also found that HIV was contracted through
breastmilk, estimated 5-10 million infected cases around the world.
(HIV.GOV, "A Timeline of HIV and AIDS", 2020)
 HISTORY CONTINUES
 1989: USA cases: 100,000
 1990: Antiviral treatment for children with AIDS becomes available
 1993: Congress continues the decision of banning individuals infected with AIDS from traveling into the country.
2.5 million estimated cases around the world
 1997: 16,000 new cases daily
 1999: 14 million people dead from the virus
 2002: Test for HIV becomes available, offers result in 20 minutes
 2010: Travel ban is lifted, HPTN 052 trials shows it has a 96% protection for those that have partners with HIV
 2012: PrEP comes out; prevent those that aren’t infected from getting the virus
 2013: Infection rate decrease by 30%, 35 million worldwide infected
 2017: Over 50% of those infected are receiving treatment (for those unaware, treatment expands a patient's life
tremendously), deaths are dropping dramatically.
(HIV.GOV, "A Timeline of HIV and AIDS", 2020)
 WHAT IS HIV?

▪ HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV attacks our white blood cells. Without
these cells we can no longer fight off even the
common cold. Pathogens called,
“opportunistic pathogens” infect those that
are immunocompromised. Over time HIV
becomes AIDS, which is fatal and there is no
cure. With the latest treatments a person can
live many years with HIV before turning into
AIDS. Without treatment a patient is only
likely to live a couple of years after being
infected with HIV. HIV is only contracted
through bodily fluids, the most common is
through unprotected sex or sharing needles.
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(CDC, "About HIV/AIDS", 2019)
 TRANSMISSION

▪ HIV can be contracted through any

one of these:
▪ Body fluids
▪ Semen
▪ Breast Milk
▪ Blood (most commonly when sharing
needles)
▪ Through the birth canal
▪ There are many myths that you can get
HIV from eating after someone, kissing,
being close to someone, etc. These are
not true whatsoever. You can only
contract this disease through some type
of body fluids.

(CDC, "About HIV/AIDS", 2019)

 HIV: Signs & Symptoms
• There are 3 stages of the infection of HIV
• STAGE 1: ACUTE INFECTION
• Fever
• Rash
• Muscle Aches
• Chills
• Night sweats
• Swollen Lymph nodes
• Fatigue
• Sore throat
• Mouth Ulcers
• STAGE 2: CLINICAL LATENCY
• No symptoms
• STAGE 3: AIDS
• Rapid weight loss
• Reacurring fever and night sweats
• Extreme fatigue
• Depression
• Sores on mouth, genitals, and anus
• Pneumonia
• Memory loss
• Neurological Disorders

(CDC, "About HIV/AIDS", 2019)

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HIV: PREVENTION & TREATMENT

▪ PREVENTION:
▪ Get Tested Regularly: It’s important to get tested after and before
every new partner. Many STD’s are asymptomatic so do not believe
the myth of, “well they didn’t look like they had an STD”.
▪ Use Condoms: Though they are not 100% effective at preventing HIV
it’s still smart to use some form or protection.
▪ Medicine: There are now treatments out there that offer protection
against HIV. These are normally used in cases of one partner infected
with HIV and the other is not.
▪ Abstinence: This is the only 100% effective way of protecting yourself
from HIV.

▪ TREATMENT
▪ Unfortunately, we still do not have a cure for HIV but there are
treatment options available. ART is antiretroviral therapy. This adds
many years on to those lives that are positive for HIV. Without this
medication a person will only normally only live a couple of years at
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most after a diagnosis.
(CDC, "About HIV/AIDS", 2019)
FACTS FROM THE WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION

▪ AIDS has killed an estimated 32 million people

▪ More than 66% of individuals diagnosed with HIV reside in Africa
▪ Women who are infected and breastfeeding now have access to
medicine that prevents spreading of the disease to newborns
▪ More than half of those infected that live in low-income areas are
receiving ART (antiretroviral therapy).
▪ Same day result tests for HIV are now available.
▪ Since 2000 new infections decreased by 37% and deaths caused
by HIV fell 45%
(World Health Organization, "HIV/AIDS")
References
PREVENTION. (2019, DECEMBER 2). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/HIV/BASICS/PREVENTION.HTML
HIV/AIDS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.WHO.INT/NEWS-ROOM/FACT-SHEETS/DETAIL/HIV-AIDS
A TIMELINE OF HIV AND AIDS. (2020, APRIL 20). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.HIV.GOV/HIV-BASICS/OVERVIEW/HISTORY/HIV-AND-AIDS-TIMELINE
ABOUT HIV/AIDS. (2019, DECEMBER 2). RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/HIV/BASICS/WHATISHIV.HTML