RADIOLOGY

BRONCHIOLITIS
• Bronchiolitis is a broad term that
refers to any form of inflammation of
the bronchioles.
• It is often used in situations where
there inflammation primarily occurs
in airways smaller than 2 mm6.  
• It can carry variable clinical,
functional and morphological
expression. Bronchiolar disease may
be a primary or a secondary
condition.
ATELECTASIS
• Lung atelectasis refers to collapse or
incomplete expansion of pulmonary
parenchyma. 
PNEUMONIA
• Pneumonia is a general term in
widespread use, defined as infection
within the lung. It is due to material,
usually purulent, filling the alveoli.
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
• Bronchopneumonia, also sometimes
known as lobular pneumonia, is a
radiological pattern associated with
suppurative peribronchiolar
inflammation and subsequent patchy 
consolidation of one or more 
secondary lobules of a lung in
response to bacterial pneumonia. 
SPONDYLITIS TB
• Tuberculous spondylitis, also known
as Pott disease, refers to vertebral
body osteomyelitis and intervertebral
discitis from tuberculosis (TB). The
spine is the most frequent location of 
musculoskeletal tuberculosis, and
commonly related symptoms are
back pain and lower limb
weakness/paraplegia
INJURI URETHRA
OSTEOCHONDROMA
• Osteochondromas are a relatively
common imaging finding, accounting
for 10-15% of all bone tumors and
approximately 35% of all benign bone
tumors. 
OSTEOSARCOMA
• Osteosarcomas are malignant 
bone forming tumors and the second
most common primary bone tumor after 
multiple myeloma. They account for
~20% of all primary bone tumors and
occur in primary and secondary forms,
each with different epidemiology and
distribution. Although plain radiography
can provide a lot of information, MRI is
used for local staging by assessing
intraosseous tumor extension
(e.g. growth plate/epiphysis) and soft-
tissue-involvement. Chest CT and bone
scanning have a role in distant staging.
PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM
• Pneumomediastinum is the
presence of extraluminal gas within
the mediastinum. Gas may originate
from the lungs, trachea, central
bronchi, esophagus, and peritoneal
cavity and track from the
mediastinum to the neck or
abdomen.
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
• Acute cholecystitis refers to the
acute inflammation of the gallbladder
. It is the primary complication of 
cholelithiasis and the most common
cause of acute pain in the right upper
quadrant (RUQ)
CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS
• Chronic cholecystitis refers to
prolonged inflammatory condition
that affects the gallbladder. It is
almost always seen in the setting of 
cholelithiasis (95%), caused by
intermittent obstruction of the 
cystic duct or infundibulum or
dysmotility.