The psichiatric and Me

ntal Health Nursing Ed

ition 2
By Phill Barker

Power point by Diah Nurfitria

(212019010064) 2B
WHAT IS PSYCHIATRIC AND MENTAL HEALT
H NURSING?

Few of the nurses in our study referred to caring or c

are, except in very general terms – such as ‘nurses giv
e nursing care’, which is rather like saying ‘doctors pra
ctise medicine’. A specialty craft that operates primar
ily by working alongside people with mental health p
roblems; helping individuals and their families find w
ays of coping with the here and now (and past); helpi
ng people discover and ascribe individual meaning to
their experiences; and exploring opportunities for rec
overy, reclamation and personal growth – all through
the medium of the ‘therapeutic relationship’.
However, lay people were more forthcoming:
• Nurses help people;
• Nurses relieve a person’s distress;
• Nurses help people get through the day, and throug
h the night.
• Nurses help people ‘deal with stuff' However, behin
d these obvious, if not commonsense descriptions, l
ies a wealth of hotly disputed debate concerning w
hat is (or is not) nursing
The need for patience
• Few interviews are without difficulties. The person
may appear uncooperative, uncommunicative or in
articulate, resulting in a lengthy, and possibly frustr
ating, interview. Some people are unwilling to talk a
bout any aspect of their lives. They may feel that th
ey have been over the same ground repeatedly wit
h other members of the health- care team
CRITIQUES OF DIAGNOSTIC CLA
SSIFICATION
• Diagnosis reduces people to one-dimensional sources
• of ‘data’ and obstructs any attempt to care for the ‘whole pers
on’.
• By medicalizing complex problems of human living, a diagnosis
of ‘mental disorder’ perpetuates social stigma.
• The use of symptom-based criteria, in the absence of any classi
c ‘signs’ of disease or disorder, has resulted in a seemingly endl
ess multiplication of the original number of ‘mental disorders’.
Within 30 years the DSM has grown from 134 to 943 pages.
• The politics, and inherent values, of the criteria for inclusion an
d/or exclusion of disorders is self-evident.
• Diagnostic criteria within both DSM and ICD imply, but do not state dir
ectly, the notion of psychological ‘well-being’. However, the extent to
which so-called ‘disorders’ represent unexceptional deviations from th
e ‘normal’ state of well-being, is not addressed.
• The current classification systems display an obvious bias in terms of t
he kind of disorders addressed. Despite the obvious presence of anger,
hostility and aggression as sources of social unrest and interpersonal h
arm, only one DSM-IV disorder explicitly addresses this area (intermitt
ent explosive disorder). By con- trast, entire categories are devoted to
‘depression’ and ‘anxiety’.
• Perhaps of greatest importance is the effect of diagnostic classification
in the ‘medicalization of everyday life’.11 The implicit biological underp
innings of the diagnosis of ‘mental disorders’, expressed through the w
idespread borrowing of medical language from general medicine, cont
ributes greatly to the popular belief that problems of human life can b
e solved by taking medication.
 diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Majah

‫ال َرسُوْل الله صلى الله عليه وسلـم َط‬ َ ‫ع ْْن اَنَسٍ ا ُِبْن مَال ٍِك َق َل َق‬
‫ض ًة عَلى ُك ّل ُمسْلِ ٍم ووضِ ًع العِ ْل ِم عِنْدَ غَ ْيرُأ ْهل ِِه َك‬ َ ‫َل ُب ْالعِلْم َفر ْْي‬
‫جوْهَرَولَلؤْ ُل َؤ وَالذَّه ََب‬
َ ‫خنَا ِزيْ ِر ْ ل‬
َ ‫ُمقِ ِّلدِ ْال‬

Artinya :
"Dari Anas bin Malik ia berkata, Rasu
lullah saw, bersabda: Mencari ilmu it
u wajib bagi setiap muslim, memberika
n ilmu kepada orang yang bukan ahliny
a seperti orang yang mengalungi babi
dengan permata, mutiara, atau emas" H
R.Ibnu Majah