MORPHOSPHYSIOLOG

Y OF THE KNEE
ALEJANDRO MARTINEZ
EMMANUEL LOPEZ
 INTRODUCtion

In humans, the knee joint is the

largest joint of the body and one of
the most complex. It serves as a
union between the thigh and the leg.
Supports most body weight in
standing position and allows
movement.
 ANATOMY OF THE KNEE
The structures comprising the knee
are as follows:

- BONES

- LIGAMENTS AND TENDONTS

- MUSCLES
It presents some characteristics that
differentiate it from the rest of the great
articulations. The main one is that it is
composed by the game of three bones,
femur, tibia and patella. The first two make
up the main body of the joint, which
supports body weight, and the patella
fulfills an atypical mission, like a pulley on
which the quadricipital and patellar
tendons rest. It is also a bicondílea joint.
The two femoral condyles roll over the
femur
The femur is the large, long bone that
goes from the hip to the knee. Its size and
strength make it a great base for attaching
muscles and ligaments. The femur is a
long bone, which has an outer surface of
compact bone, with a spongy bone interior
containing bone marrow, designed to
relieve pressure from multiple angles. The
femur forms joints with the tibia and
patella, generating the tibiofemoral and
BALL JOINT
The patella is a flat, rounded bone that is
included in the terminal tendon of the femoral
quadriceps muscle and is located anterior to
the lower extremity of the femur
An anterior face, a posterior face, base, apex
or apex and two lateral edges may be
considered in it:

Anterior or cutaneous face: it is convex from

top to bottom and also in the transverse
direction. This covering of fibrous bundles
coming from the tendon of the quadriceps,
the only muscle that is inserted in the same.
It is separated from the skin by a serous
pouch called a preretulan sac

Posterior side: it has two parts: the rough

lower part next to the fatty package and the
Base: It forms a small
triangular surface of
superior vertex.
Provides insertion in its half
anterior to the tendon of the
cúadriceps.
Vertex: Provides insertion to
the patellar ligament
Tibia
After the femur, the tibia is the largest bone in
the body, it is a large bone that supports the
weight of the body, its end that articulates
with the femur is broad and has the medial
and lateral condylons that articulate with the
condyles of the femur , has a flat top face the
"tibial plate" consisting of the two condylons
and an eminence between the condylons
"intercondylar eminence", this eminence fits
into the intercondylar fossa of the femur as a
MENISCOS
are fibrocartilages in the form of a
semiluna that fill the spaces between
articular surfaces of the body, and
have the function of stabilizing the
joint and serve as a "stop" for the
exaggerated movements of the same,
further absorb the impact of collision
between the articular surfaces,
increasing the contact surface
LINKS
A ligament is a band of tissue that
connects one bone to another. The
collateral ligaments are located on the
outside of the knee joint. They help
connect the bones of the upper and lower
leg, inside the knee joint.
The lateral lateral ligament (LLE) passes
through the outside of the knee.
The internal lateral ligament (LLI) runs
along the inner part of the knee.
Los ligamentos laterales
previenen que la rodilla se
mueva demasiado hacia los
lados,
Mientras que los cruzados
controlan el movimiento atrás-
delante de la articulación,
permitiéndonos una buena
MUSCULATURE AND MOVEMENTS

Here is a list of the muscles that work on the

knee. It is necessary to take into account that
some of them intervene in several
movements by what they are reviewed twice,
for example the sartorius muscle that can
contribute to the movement of flexion and
the one of internal rotation.
MUSCULATURE AND MOVEMENTS
Flexor muscles. They are located on the back of the thigh.

Femoral biceps.
Semimembranous muscle.
Semitendinosus muscle.

accessories
Popliteal muscle
Sartorius muscle.

Extensor muscles. They are located on the front of the thigh.

Quadriceps. It is composed of four muscles:
Femoral rectus
Vast medial
Vast lateral
Vast intermediate
Muscles that produce external
rotation

Tensor of fascia lata

Femoral biceps

Muscles that produce internal

rotation

Sartorius
Semitendinoso
AXLES OF MOTION

The movements of flexion and

extension of the knee are carried out on
its ejesransversal in the sagittal plane,
at the same time seen from the frontal
plane the ejesransversal traverses the
femoral condyles horizontally. This axis,
being horizontal, forms an angle 81 °
with the femur and 93 ° with the leg.