INFERTILITY

OUTLINE
• Introduction .
• Diagnosis
• Terminologies .
• Treatment
• Definition of infertility.
• Counseling
• Factors affecting
• Ethical & legal aspects
• Causes of infertility in
of ART.
men & women.
• Types of infertility.
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 INTRODUCTION
“
 Average incidence of infertility is
about 15% globally. (varies in different
populations ).
 Some causes can be detected and treated,
where as others can not.

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 TERMINOLOGIES
“
▪ 1 degree Infertility- never been pregnant
▪ 2 degree Infertility- one or more previous pregnancies
▪ Fecundability- pregnancy within single menstrual
cycle
▪ Sterility – inherent inability to become pregnant

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 HISTORY
“
▪ The first successful birth of a "test tube baby“,
Louise Brown occurred in 1978 in Oldham
General Hospital, U.K.
▪ Robert G. Edwards; the physiologist who
developed the treatment, was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Medicine in 2010.

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1. DEFINITION
Let’s start with the first set of slides
 DEFINITION
▪ Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive
within one or more years of regular unprotected
Coitus.
▪ A woman of reproductive age who has not conceived after 1
year of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse, in the absence
of any known cause of infertility”
NICE guideline, CG156 7
 INCIDENCE
▪ 80% of couple achieve conception if they so desire, within
one year of having regular intercourse with adequate
frequency (4-5 times a week).
▪ Another 10 % will achieve the objective by the end of second
year.
▪ As such, 10% remain infertile by the end of second year

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 FACTOR AFFECTING
▪ Frequency/Timing of sexual
intercourse:
- Every 2 to 3 days optimizes the
chance of pregnancy.
▪ Obesity:
- Women who have BMI of over 30.

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CONT…….
▪ Low body weight
- Women with BMI less than 19 and irregular
menstruation should be counselled to gain
weight.
▪ Smoking
- Strong association between smoking and
fertility in both partners.
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CONT…….
▪ Caffeinated beverages:
- No evidence
▪ Alcohol
- Female patients should be informed that 1 or
2 units of alcohol once or twice per week
- Intoxication may affect semen quality.

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CONT…..
▪ Prescribed, over-the-
counter and recreational
drug use

▪ Occupation

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CONT……
▪ Tight underwear

▪ Complementary therapy:
- No evidence supporting any.

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 CAUSES
▪ It is estimated that infertility
affects 1 in 7 heterosexual
couples in the UK.
▪ In about 40% of cases disorders
are found in both the man and
the woman.

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 MALE
INFERTILITY

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▪ To be continued in next class

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