The six trigonometric ratios:

Sine Cosecant
Cosine Secant

Tangent Cotangent
• How to easily remember the formula in
finding the equivalent of the six
trigonometric ratios?

• MNEMONIC – a pattern of letters that

assists in remembering something.
MNEMONIC for the Six Trigonometric Ratios:

SOH(sine) CHO(cosecant)
CAH(cosine) SHA(secant)
TOA(tangent) CAO(cotangent)
Remember: Master only the SOH – CAH – TOA
ratios, since CHO – SHA – CAO are just
reciprocals of SOH – CAH – TOA.
 Answer correctly:
1. With respect to the given angle, what is the ratio of
the hypotenuse to the opposite side? Cosecant
2. What is equivalent to the ratio of adjacent side to
the opposite side? Cotangent
 
3. In right triangle PQR, Q = 900, PQ = 12cm, QR = 5
cm, what is Cos R?  
𝟓
𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝑹 =
𝟏𝟑
TRUE OR FALSE:
1. If one angle of a triangle is 900, then the True
triangle is a right triangle.
2.The ratio of cotangent is adjacent side to False
hypotenuse.
3. The reciprocal of sine is cosine. False
 
4. Secant= True
 
5. cotangent= True
 L
TRUE OR FALSE:
12 15

B C
In the figure above: 9
 
6. Sin C = or True
 
7. Cos L = or False
 
8. Tan C= or True
 
9. Csc C = or True
 Why Special Angles?
Special angles in a way of looking for a trigonometric
ratio of “ Special Right Triangles”

What is a special right triangle?

A special right triangle is a right triangle with some
regular feature that makes calculations on the triangle
 easier, or for which simple formulas exist.
What is a special right triangle?
A special right triangle is a right triangle with some
regular feature that makes calculations on the triangle
 easier, or for which simple formulas exist.
 In a 450 – 450 - 900 Find the length of
the indicated side:

 
4

Formula in finding
the indicated side:
Legs are congruent
 
Hypotenuse = leg
 In a 450 – 450 - 900 Find the length of
the indicated side:
L
450

1?
√𝟐
 

B 450 C
?1
Formula in finding
the indicated side:
Legs are congruent
 
Hypotenuse = leg
In a 300 – 600 - 900 Find the length of
the indicated side:
longer leg Hypotenuse (c)
(b) ?4
 
2?
shorter leg (a)
Formula in finding the
2
indicated side:
 
Shorter leg = or a =
 
longer leg = shorter or b = a
Hypotenuse = 2 shorter or c = 2a
In a 300 – 600 - 900 Find the length of
the indicated side:
longer leg Hypotenuse (c)
(b) 8
 
4?
shorter leg (a)
Formula in finding the
indicated side: 4?
 
Shorter leg = or a =
 
longer leg = shorter or b = a
Hypotenuse = 2 shorter or c = 2a
In a 300 – 600 - 900 Find the length of
the indicated side:
longer leg Hypotenuse (c)
 
𝟏𝟎 √ 𝟑
(b) ?
𝟑
5

shorter leg (a)

Formula in finding the
indicated side:
 
𝟓 √?𝟑
 
Shorter leg = or a = 𝟑
 
longer leg = shorter or b = a
Hypotenuse = 2 shorter or c = 2a
 In a 450 – 450 - 900 In a 300 – 600 - 900

longer leg Hypotenuse (c)

(b)

shorter leg (a)

Formula in finding the

Formula in finding indicated side:
the indicated side:  
Shorter leg = or a =

Legs are congruent  

longer leg = shorter or b = a
 
Hypotenuse = leg Hypotenuse = 2 shorter or c = 2a
In a 450 – 450 - 900 In a 300 – 600 - 900

450 300
1 √𝟐
  2
√𝟑
 

450
600
1
1
Find the following
 
trigonometric ratios:
 
0 = 0 =
1. Sin 45 3. Sin 60

   
2. Sin 30 = 0
4. Cos 45 0 =
In a 450 – 450 - 900 In a 300 – 600 - 900

450 300
1 √𝟐
  2
√𝟑
 

450
600
1
1
Find the following
 
trigonometric ratios:
5. Cos 300 = 7. Tan 450 = 1

   
6. Cos 60 = 0
8. Tan 30 0 =
In a 450 – 450 - 900 In a 300 – 600 - 900

450 300
1 √𝟐
  2
√𝟑
 

450
600
1
1
Find the following trigonometric ratios:
9. Csc 300 = 2 0  
11. csc 45 =

 
12. Sec 300 =
 
10. Csc 600 =
In a 450 – 450 - 900 In a 300 – 600 - 900

450 300
1 √𝟐
  2
√𝟑
 

450
600
1
1
Find the following trigonometric ratios:
13. cot 300   = 15. cot 450 = 1

14. cot 600   =

HAND TRICKS in finding the Trigonometric
ratios of special angles.
HAND TRICKS in finding the Trigonometric
ratios of special angles.
Formula:
 
Sin = Csc = reciprocal of sin

 
Cos = Sec = reciprocal of cos

 
tan =
Cot = reciprocal of tan

Remember: Expressions with radicals in the denominator

is not considered simplified. To remove the radical sign,
rationalizing the denominator is required.
 Group Activity: Complete the table below that
summarizes the values of the trigonometric ratios of the
angles
300, 450, and 600.
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE ANGLES

sin cos tan csc sec cot

  𝟏  
√𝟑   √𝟑  
𝟐√ 𝟑
30 0
0
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
2
𝟑
 
√𝟑
 
√𝟐 √𝟐
 
45 0
0
𝟐 𝟐
1  
√𝟐 √𝟐  
1

60
 
√𝟑   𝟏  
𝟐√ 𝟑  
√𝟑
0
0
𝟐 𝟐
 
√𝟑 𝟑
2
𝟑
Using the table of values for trigonometric ratios of
special angles: Determine the exact value of the
following expressions.

1. Sec 300 + cot 300 √𝟑

 

2. Sin 30 + cos 45
2 0 2 0
  𝟑
𝟒
PROBLEM SOLVING:

1. Determine the value of angle x when Sec x = 2.

2. If x = 450, show that (sec2x + tan x) = 3

3. The expression 2(sin 300) – tan 450 is equal to ____.