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GMAW Components
DC or Direct Current power supply
Electrode or wire feed controller
Wire drive roller assembly
Shielding gas source (cylinder) & regulator
Manually held Gun & ground clamps
Wire reel
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Direct Current Electrode Positive
(DCEP)
Generally used for gas metal arc welding
Provides maximum heat input into work allowing relatively
deep penetration to take place
Assists in removal of oxides from plate
Low current values produce globular transfer of metal from
electrode
On carbon steel shielding gas must contain minimum
of 80% argon
Ferrous metals need addition of 2 to 5% oxygen to
gas mixture
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Direct Current Electrode Negative
(DCEN)
Limited use in welding of thin gauge materials
Greatest amount of heat occurs at electrode tip
Wire melt-off rate faster than DCEP
Penetration also less than with DCEP
Arc not stable at end of filler wire
Corrected by use of shielding gas mixture of 5% oxygen
added to argon
Melt-off rate reduced so benefit cancelled
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Wire-Feed Speed
Fixed relationship between rate of filler wire burn off and
welding current
Electrode wire-feed speed determines welding current
Current set by wire-feed speed control on wire feeder
Excessive speed: welding machine cannot put out enough
current to melt wire fast enough
Stubbing or roping of wire occurs
Causes convex weld beads and poor appearance
Decrease in speed results in less electrode being melted
Generally – high setting of filler wire speed rate results in short
arc, slow speed in long arc
Shielding Gas
Argon and helium first used for gas metal arc
Continue to be basic gases
Argon is used more than helium on ferrous metals to
keep spatter at minimum
Also heavier than air - so good weld coverage
Oxygen or carbon dioxide is added to pure gases to
improve arc stability, minimize undercut, reduce
porosity, and improve appearance of weld
Shielding Gas
Helium added to argon to increase penetration