Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
pollutants
By:- Dr Norashikin ahmad kamal
Lesson Plan
At the end of this topic, student should be
able :-
To understand the micro and macro
level of air pollution
To characterise the behaviour of air
pollution dispersion
Introduction :- MICRO AND MACROSCALE OF
POLLUTION
MICROSCALE
range from those covering less than a centimeter to those the size of a house or
slightly larger.
MESOSCALE
air pollution problems are those of a few hectares up to the size of a city or country.
MACROSCALE
problems extend from countries to states, nations, and in the broadest sense, the
globe
Micro and Macro Scales of Air Pollution
Model
Factors of Air Pollution Dispersion
Re-entrainment
Diffusion of pollutants occur due to turbulence, which further depends upon many
factors:
a. Ambient temperature
b. Temperature of emissions
c. Roughness factors
d. Wind velocity
e. Wind direction
f. Humidity
g. Stability
Air Pollutant Cycle
Dispersion
i) Atmospheric heating
Causes natural convection currents --- discussed
Thermal eddies
T = temperature
z = vertical distance
g = acceleration due to gravity
M = molecular weight of air
Cp = heat capacity of the gas at constant pressure
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
For this parcel of air the
Adiabatic change in temperature with
lapse rate altitude was:
Altitude, z (km) = (T2-T1)/(z2-z1)
z2 2 = (10-20)oC/(2000-1000)m
= -1 oC/100m
z1 1 When any parcel of air
moves up or down, it’s
temperature will change
according to the adiabatic
T2 lapse rate
T1
Temperature, T (oC)
13
Stability
• Dry adiabatic lapse rate: temperature decreases with increased altitude
dT
1.00C/100m -5.4
F/1000ft dz
• Atmospheric (actual) lapse rate
< Г (temperature falls faster) unstable (super-adiabatic)
> Г (temperature falls slower) stable (sub-adiabatic)
= Г (same rate) neutral
14
Stable Conditions Air at a certain altitude
remains at the same
elevation.
Stable air
-0.5 oC/100 m > -1 oC/100m discourages the
dispersion and
actual temperature falls slower than Г
dilution of pollutants.
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Stability Classes
202 1.09
T T 2 T1 1.09 5.11
0.0209 C/m
z z 2 z1 202 10
2.09 C/100
m
Since lapse rate is more negative than
Г,(-1.00 ºC/100m)=>atmosphere is unstable
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Unstable Conditions Rapid vertical
mixing takes
place.
neutral
under
inversion layer
Above
inversion
20
Vertical Temperature Profiles
Environmental lapse rate (ELR)
Dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR)
If,
ELR > DALR =sub adiabatic condition,
atmosphere is stable.
ELR >> DALR= Inversion conditions. Very
stable atmosphere.
ELR= DALR= atmosphere is neutral.
ELR< DALR = super adiabatic condition,
atmosphere is unstable.