2.

Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Types of Motion

This presentation will explore:

 Types of Movement
 Converting Between Types of Movement

ClassAct SRS enabled.

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Introduction to Motion
The way a mechanism converts
motion from one type to another
is known as its function.

We will illustrate functions

being achieved by different
mechanisms.

You may see the same mechanism

used several times. This is because a
mechanism may have several
different functions.
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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Mechanisms and Motion

Mechanisms can:
 Change the direction of movement.

 Change the type of movement.

 Alter the axis of movement.

 Transmit force and movement.

 Apply and maintain a force.

 Increase speed and distance,

while output force is reduced.

 Increase output force, while

speed or distance is reduced.

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 1
What does this mechanism do?

A) Increase output force.

B) Change the direction of movement.

C) Increase speed between input and output. Both gears are the
same size and
have 32 teeth
D) Decrease speed between input and output.
2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Changing the Direction of Movement

Mechanisms can change the
direction of movement. Typically:
 From clockwise to counter-
clockwise, using a belt and pulley.
Other examples include:
Chain and sprocket and gears.

 From left to right, using

linked levers.
Other examples include:
Levers and rope and pulley.

 From horizontal to vertical,

using rope and pulley.
Other examples include:
Levers and linked levers. Next >
2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 2
The mechanism shown below, can be used to change the
direction of movement from clockwise to counter-clockwise.
Is this true or false?

Answer True or False.

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Types of Motion
There are four different types of motion:

 Linear (in one straight line).

 Reciprocating (backward and

forward in a straight line).

 Rotating (round and round).

 Oscillating (swinging backward and

forward in an arc).

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 3
The four different types of motion are linear, reciprocating,
rotating and oscillating. Is this true or false?

Answer True or False.

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Examples of Different Types of Movement

Linear (a runner)

Oscillating (a swing)

Rotating (a wheel)

Reciprocating (a saw) Next >

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 4
A pendulum is an example of:

A) linear motion.

B) reciprocating motion.

C) oscillating motion.

D) rotating motion.
2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Converting Types of Movement

Mechanisms can convert different
types of movement. Typically:
 Linear motion to rotating
motion, using rack and pinion.
Other examples include: wheel
and axle and rope
and pulley.

 Rotating motion to linear

motion, using chain and
sprocket.
Other examples include: screw
thread and rope and pulley.
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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Converting Types of Movement

 From rotating to reciprocating
motion, using cam and slide
follower.
Other examples include:
crank and link (connecting rod)
and slider (4-bar linkage).

 From reciprocating to rotating

motion, using piston and
crankshaft.
Other examples include:
crank and link (connecting rod)
and slider (4-bar linkage).

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Converting Types of Movement

 From rotating to oscillating
motion, using cam and
lever follower.
Other examples include:
crank and peg and slot.

 From oscillating to rotating

motion, using crank.
Other examples include:
4-bar linkage and peg and slot.

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Converting Types of Movement

 From reciprocating to oscillating motion, using peg and slot.

Pivot point
Other examples include:
rack and pinion and
crank and slider
Push/pull
(4-bar linkage)
Peg

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 5
Which type of motion conversion is shown below?

A) Oscillating to rotating

B) Rotating to oscillating

C) Rotating to reciprocating

D) Reciprocating to rotating
2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 6
Which type of motion conversion is shown below?

A) Linear to rotating

B) Rotating to oscillating

C) Rotating to linear

D) Rotating to reciprocating
2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Changing the Axis of Rotation

These mechanisms change
the axis of rotation:
 Bevel gears.
 Flexible couplings.
 Worm and wheel.

 Belt and pulleys.

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 7
What type of mechanism is shown below?

A) Bevel gears

B) Flexible couplings

C) Worm and wheel

D) Belt and pulleys

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Transmitting Force and Movement

(without changing the type of movement)
 Linear or reciprocating
movement, using linked
levers.
Other examples
include: rods.

 Rotating or oscillating movement,

using flexible couplings.
Other examples include:
belt and pulley and chain
and sprocket

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Applying and Maintaining a Force

These mechanisms can apply and
maintain a force:
 Toggle (4-bar linkage).

 Worm and wheel.

 Cam.

 Rope and pulley.

 Screw thread.

 Spring.

 Brake system.

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 8
Can a rope and pulley mechanism apply and maintain a force?

Answer Yes or No.

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Increasing Output Force and

Decreasing Speed
These mechanisms can increase
output force and decrease speed:

 Rotating or oscillating parts,

using chain and sprocket.
Other examples include: Input
gears (gearing down) and Output
worm and wheel.

 Reciprocating parts or
parts moving in a straight
line, using linked levers.
Output Input
Other examples include:
rope and pulley
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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Increasing Output Speed and

Decreasing Force
These mechanisms can increase
output speed and decrease force:

 Rotating or oscillating parts,

using chain and sprocket.
Other examples include: gears Output
(gearing up) and bevel gears. Input

Output
 Reciprocating parts or
parts moving in a straight
line, using linked levers.
Other examples include: Input
rack and pinion.
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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 9
To produce a gain in force, the:

A) output gear must be smaller than the input gear.

B) output gear must be bigger than the input gear.

C) input and output gears must be the same size.

D) size of the gears does not matter.

2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Ratchet Mechanisms
A ratchet mechanism consists of a
wheel and a pawl. The wheel has
saw shaped teeth (ratchet) which
engage with the pawl.

As the ratchet wheel turns, the

pawl falls into the 'dip' between
the teeth. The ratchet wheel can
only turn in one direction.

Alternatively, if the ratchet is

allowed to move freely and an
oscillating motion is applied to the
pawl, the wheel will turn with a
stepped motion.

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2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Question 10
What type of motion does the pawl produce?

A) Linear

B) Rotating

C) Reciprocating

D) Oscillating
2. Types of Motion
Fundamental Engineering-Mechanisms

Summary
You should now be aware of:

 Types of Movement

 Converting Between Types of Movement

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