Life Cycle Assessment

of Cement
Manufacturing
Companies
Submitted by: Neelansh (2018 PBM 5447)
Vikas (2018 PBM 5276)
Objective

• Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment of Cement

companies.
• LCA, which is an evaluative tool of the environmental
impacts generated throughout the life cycle of a product
and its results.
• To identify the most harmful production steps in cement
manufacturing to the environment.
1. Ultratech Cement
• Ultratech cement is a subsidary of Aditya Birla Group.
• Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla is the Chairman of the US $44.3 billion multinational
Aditya Birla Group, which operates in 35 countries across six continents. Over 50
per cent of its revenues flow from its operations outside India.
• UltraTech Cement Ltd is the largest manufacturer of grey cement, ready mix
concrete (RMC) and white cement in India. With a capacity of 117.35 million
tonnes per annum, it is the third largest cement producer in the world, excluding
China.
• In the white cement segment, UltraTech goes to market under the brand name of
Birla White. It has a white cement plant with a capacity of 0.56 MTPA and 2
WallCare putty plants with a combined capacity of 0.8 MTPA.
• With 100+ Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) plants in 35 cities, UltraTech is the largest
manufacturer of concrete in India. 
• UltraTech pioneered the UltraTech Building Solutions (UBS) concept to provide
individual home builders with a one-stop-shop solution for building their homes.
At a Glance
• Highest market capitalisation in India’s cement industry.
• Dealer and retail network of 80,000+ partners across the country, with a market
reach extending across more than 80% Indian cities and towns.
• Addresses 85% power appetite through captive thermal power plants and waste
heat recovery systems.
• Grew from 3000 employees in 2005 to more than 19000 employees in 2019.
• Acquisition of L&T's cement business in 2004
• Acquisition of Start Cement in the Middle East and greenfield expansions in 2010.
• Acquires Jaypee Cement business (21.2 MTPA) in 2017.
• Merger of cement business of Century Textiles & Industries Ltd with UltraTech
Cement. 
Vision, Mission & Values
• Vision - To be the leader in Building Solutions

• Mission - To deliver superior value to stakeholders on the four pillars

• Sustainability
• Innovation
• Customer Centricity
• Team Empowerment

• Values
• Integrity
• Commitment
• Passion
• Seamlessness
• Speed
2. Ambuja Cement
• Ambuja Cements Limited, formerly known as Gujarat
Ambuja Cement Limited, is an Indian
major cement producing company. The Group's market cement
and clinker for both domestic and export markets.
• Ambuja Cements Ltd, a part of the global conglomerate
LafargeHolcim, is among the leading cement companies in
India.
• Ambuja Cements Ltd is India’s foremost cement company
known for its hassle-free, home-building solutions. 
• Currently, Ambuja Cement has a cement capacity of 29.65
million tonnes with five integrated cement manufacturing
plants and eight cement grinding units across the country.
3. Lafarge Holcim

• LafargeHolcim Ltd is a Swiss multinational company that

manufactures building materials. It has a presence in around 70
countries, and employs around 72,000 employees.
• Key people - Jan Jenisch (CEO) NS Sekhsaria
(Chairman)
Vision & Mission

• VISION - To be the most sustainable and competitive

company in our industry.
• MISSION - To create value for all
• Delighted Customers
• Inspired Employees
• Enlightened Partners
• Energised Society
• Loyal Shareholders
• Healthy Environment
• “Give a man orders and he will do the task reasonably well. But let him set his
own targets, give him freedom and authority, and his task becomes a personal
mission: I Can”
4. ACC Cement

• ACC Limited (Formerly The Associated Cement Companies Limited)

is one of the largest producers of cement in India. It's registered office
is called Cement House. It is located on Maharishi Karve
Road, Mumbai.
• The management control of company was taken over by Swiss cement
major Holcim in 2004. ACC operated as subsidiary of LafargeHolcim.
• ACC named the ‘Most Preferred Brand’ in the cement category at the
National Real Estate Leadership Congress and Awards 2019
At a Glance

• ACC has five subsidiary companies, which are all engaged to support
the core business of the company. These comprise Bulk Cement
Corporation (India) Limited, ACC Mineral Resources Limited, Lucky
Minmat Limited, National Limestone Company Private Limited and
Singhania Minerals Private Limited.
• A vast distribution network of 50,000+ dealers & retailers and a
countrywide spread of sales offices.
• ACC has a unique track record of innovative research, product
development and specialized consultancy services.
Vision, Mission & Purpose

• VISION - To be one of the most respected companies in India;

recognized for challenging conventions and delivering on our promises.
• PURPOSE - To be a driving force in creating a confident future for our
people, our customers, our shareholders and our nation.
• MISSION - To create value for all
• Delighted Customers
• Inspired Employees
• Enlightened Partners
• Energised Society
• Loyal Shareholders
• Healthy Environment
5. Shree Cement

• Shree Cement is primarily an Indian cement manufacturer. It was

founded in Beawar in the Ajmer district of Rajasthan in the year 1979
and now headquartered in Kolkata, is one of the biggest cement
makers in Northern India. It also produces and sells power under the
name Shree Power (Captive Power Plant) and Shree Mega Power
(Independent Power Plant).
• Shri B.G.Bangur (Chairman), Shri H.M.Bangur (Managing Director).
• A diversified brand portfolio consisting of Roofon, Bangur Power,
Shree Jung Rodhak, Bangur Cement and Rockstrong.
 Vision & Principles

At Shree. we believe in imbibing and extending these noble thoughts across all our functions.

VISION - Lead in creating prosperity and happiness for all stakeholders through innovation
and sustainable practices.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• Enforce good corporate governance practices.
• Encourage integrity of conduct.
• Ensure clarity in communication.
• Remain accountable to all stakeholders.
• Encourage socially responsible behavior.
6. JK Cement

• JK Cement Ltd is an affiliate of the multi-disciplinary

industrial conglomerate JK Organisation, which was
founded by Lala Kamlapat Singhania.
• JK Cement has an installed grey cement capacity of 14
MnTPA.
• JK White Cement, a division of JK Cement Ltd., enjoys a
PAN India presence and the Company is the leading
producer of Wall Putty in the Country.
Vision, Mission & Values

• Vision - To be the preferred manufacturer of cement and cement-based products that partners
In nation building, engages with its community and cares for all stakeholders.
• Mission - JK Cement aims to deliver innovative products and solutions that meet the needs
of its customers. Together with our exceptional people and strong stakeholder relationships,
we commit to the highest standards of quality, productivity, sustainability and performance
that drive shareholder value and long-term success.
• Values –
• Integrity
• Quality
• Trust
• Care
• People
AT a Glance

• The name JK is derived from the initials of Kamlapat and his father Seth
Juggilal. The JK group was founded in 1918.
• The family is currently divided into three main groups the Kanpur
family runs JK Cement Ltd and JK Technosoft, while the Delhi family
runs JK Tyre, JK Paper, JK Lakshmi Cement, JK Fenner India Ltd,
Umang Dairies Ltd, JK Seeds, Global Strategic Technologies (a military
solutions and equipment division), JK Risk Managers & Insurance
Brokers. The Mumbai family runs the Raymond Group of companies.
• Key people - Bharat Hari Singhania (President).
How it started
The fact that the environmental impacts generated by economic and industrial society were seen a growing problem, the ISO
- International Organization for Standardization with the support of SETAC – Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry created the Technical Committee TC 207 with the objective of developing standards involving environmental
issues.

This effort generated the ISO 14000 series with a mission to establish a standardization of processes that use natural
resources or with high potential to generate any environmental damage.

Nowadays, there is a new version (ISO 14040:26) including three subcommittees or Working Groups (Cycle assessment, Eco-
efficiency assessment and Water footprint).

The ISO 14040:2006 describes the principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA) including:
the life cycle interpretation phase,
definition of the goal and scope of the the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)
reporting and critical review of the
LCA, phase, phase,
LCA,
Stages of life cycle and possible
entries and exits in the system.
Portland cement
Manufacturing
Disposal / end of life

• At the end of life of the cement, when it is already

incorporated into the bricks, mortar and other
materials, it is discharged in the form of debris in
landfills or unsuitable sites.
• A part of this material has been used for paving roads
and ditches covering. The debris can also be
reprocessed and used as aggregate for cement.
 Data presentation

Table presents data from a study in the

cement industry in the United States.
The data were estimated considering a
production rate of one ton of cement.
The energy sources considered in this
study are coal used (70%), fuel oil (15%),
& natural gas (15%). These figures may
vary according to the procedure used.
 Assessment of environmental impacts
according to theEco-indicator 95 method
• One of the methods used to evaluate the results obtained by LCA is the adoption of environmental impact
categories like global warming, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical effect and others. This method,
called Ecoindicator 95, quantifies the environmental performance associated with the product or process
throughout its life cycle.

The evaluation is carried out by multiplying each

data normalized by a weighting factor determined
according to the damage that each category
of impact can cause to the environment.
This method allows the comparison between
the life cycle of products or processes that meet
similar situations, quantifying its environmental impact.
Overview of environmental impacts between
categories and their contributing agents

Global warming is the result of the greenhouse effect a process that occurs when part
of the solar radiation reflected by the Earth’s surface is absorbed by certain gases in
the atmosphere. As a result, the heat is retained, not being released into space.

carbon dioxide (CO2),

The increased greenhouse effect is caused methane (CH4),
by the emission of gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O),
CFCs (CFxClx) into the atmosphere.

The smog is a phenomenon characterized nitrogen oxides (NOx),

as the mixture of gases, smoke and water volatile organic compounds (VOC),
vapour form a large mass of air. This is sulphur dioxide,
produced by acid aerosols and gases.
• Eutrophication, occurs due to excessive nutrient enrichment of collections of water
followed by the degradation of aquatic systems, usually driven directly or indirectly by
human activities. Among the main substances responsible for water eutrophication
are
• nitrogen (N),
• phosphorus (P),
• ammonia (NH3),
• nitrogen compounds,
• phosphates,
• oxides of nitrogen (NOx),
• oils and fats.
• Acidification is the increased acidity of the medium resulted resulting from the
volatilization of compounds such as
• sulphur dioxide (SO2) and
• nitrogen oxides (NOx)
that are dissolved in rainwater, combining with other elements to form acids.
• When the acids, reach the earth surface, the chemical composition of soil and water is
altered which causes damages to metal structures and buildings.
Environmental impacts generated
during the Portland cement life cycle
• Cement process production can generate local environmental impacts
such as noise, reduced air quality, changes in the local ecosystem due
to extraction of raw materials such as clay, limestone, and others.
• Regionally it can cause acid rain due to emission of sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) among others.
• Already the burning of fossil fuels like oil, coal and natural gasmay
cause climate changes worldwide. According to the International
Energy Agency (IEA) cement production generates a global average
CO2 emission of 0.81 kg.kg–1 of cement produced. On average, about
one ton of concrete is produced each year for all human beings around
the world.
Generation of C02

01 02 03
IT IS ESTIMATED BESIDES THE GENERATION
OF CO2 IN THE PROCESS OF
THE CALCINATION PROCESS OF
THAT ABOUT 5% OBTAINING CAO FROM CACO3
MANUFACTURING CEMENT,
ARE PRODUCED MILLIONS OF GENERATES CO2 AND
OF GLOBAL CO2 TONS OF WASTE CONTRIBUTES TO ABOUT HALF
EMISSIONS COME (PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE CO2 EMITTED, WHILE THE
THE CEMENT KILN) EACH
FROM THE YEAR THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
REST COMES FROM ENERGY
CONSUMPTION DURING THE
MANUFACTURE OF POLLUTION AND
PRODUCTION PROCESS.
RESPIRATORY HEALTH RISKS.
CEMENT.
 According to Santi and Seva (2004) due to the
Implications characteristics of the technological process and
the physicochemical and toxicological properties
of raw materials and inputs used in the cement
on Human and manufacturing, clinker and cement itself, the
cement plants cause a risk to the health of
Environment workers, public health and the environment.

Health
They are mainly associated with exposure to
particulate matter that permeates the entire
chain of production and emissions of pollutants
that occur continuously and that even in small
concentrations, characterizing the chronic risk.

During the raw material extraction

environmental impacts arise as the removal of
vegetation for the local mining activity and a
possible contamination of groundwater due to
particulate matter generated in the extraction,
among others.
• During the crushing, grinding and mixing, as well as virtually the entire manufacturing
process is the emission of particulate matter and volatile substances to the desktop and
into the atmosphere can cause several health problems.
• In the stage of using the kiln or fusion step is consuming more energy and therefore has the
greatest environmental impact. This is due not only to the burning of fossil fuel that
releases heavy metals as well as CO2 and SO2, but also by the calcination process.
• Additionally its small size solid particles are emitted to the environment (cement kiln dust).
Due to its caustic nature dust may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and cause respiratory
problems. After the blending step, the emission of particulate matter in the mixing,
grinding, packaging and shipping steps has also to be taken into account.
• The stage also provides the use of solid waste issue. Considering the life of the cement in
the construction industry (or in the building life), in general, there are no particulate
emissions, greenhouse gases or pollutants. However, its disposal in the form of debris
constitutes the most important problem.
• With the rise in cities and a reduced useful life of buildings, the generation of debris has
become increasingly larger and often complex, since it has been done improperly. Thus,
vacant city areas have served as places to dispose those wastes, causing visual pollution,
population growth and spread of insect infection.
 Results obtained through the use of Eco-
indicator 95 method.
The values obtained during the manufacturing
process of cement by this method shows that
actually the cement manufacturing process
contributes to harm to the environment where it is
highlighted the greenhouse effect, caused by
burning fossil fuels, pollution by heavy metals due
to mining activities and smog caused by emissions
of particulate matter. However, it is important to
consider that this material is essential for the
expansion of development. So, the environmental
impacts have to be minimized by environmental
efficient processes, materials recycling, atmospheric
effluent treatment and also the recovery of depredated
mining areas, with reforestation.
Conclusion

• The analysis shows that during the life cycle of Portland Cement;
the industrial process harms to the environment, where the
greenhouse effect, which is caused by the combustion of fossil
fuels, was highlighted; there is air contamination by heavy metals
due to the mining activities; and smog caused by the emissions of
particulate matter.
• The current production and consumption model is an example of a
situation that, in the near future, could culminate with the end of
natural resources and a complete change in the world’s
environment. This situation can be avoided associating
conscientious consumption and sustainable production.
Thank You