UNIT 12

THAT´S LIFE
TOPICS:
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
TAG QUESTION
REPORTED
SPEECH:STATEMENST,QUESTIONS,CO
MNANDS,REQUETS.
TEACHER: EMMANUEL BOCANEGRA ORDAZ
STUDENT: SONIA CABALLERO LANDA.
CLASS: ENGLISH
 NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
• DEFINATION.
A negative question is one that is worded in such a way as to require a “no”
response for an affirmative answer and a “yes” response for a negative answer.
• Example.
Would you mind driving me to my class at the english island on tuesday?
 USES AND FORMS.
• Uncontracted negative questions
are usually used in a formal style.
• Aren’t you coming? (Contracted –
auxiliary verb + n’t + subject)
• Doesn’t he understand? (Auxiliary
verb + n’t + subject)
• Are you not coming?
(Uncontracted – auxiliary verb +
subject + not)
• Does he not understand? (Auxiliary
verb + subject + not)
A negative question can have two
different kinds of meanings.
• It can, for example, be used to ask
for confirmation of something you
believe to be true.
• Didn’t you see ann yesterday? How
is she doing? (= I believe that you
saw ann yesterday.)
 USES AND FORMS

You may also express your opinions in • EXAMPLES

a more polite way by changing them
into negative questions.
• Wouldn’t it be nice to paint that wall
green? (More polite than ‘it would
• A negative question can also be be nice to paint that wall green.’)
used to ask for confirmation of a • Hasn’t the postman come yet?
negative belief.
POLITE REQUESTS, OFFERS, COMPLAINTS ETC
WOULDN’T YOU LIKE SOMETHING TO DRINK?

Pressing offers and invitations often • EXAMPLES

assume the form of negative
questions. They usually begin won’t
you…? Wouldn’t you…? Or why
don’t you…?
• Wouldn’t you like something to
drink?
• Why don’t you come and spend
the evening with us?
Defination
Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement into a
question. They are often used for checking information that
TAG QUESTIONS

we think we know is true.

 USES AND FORMS
They are often used for checking information that we think we know is
true.

• Tag questions are made using an • Usually if the main clause

auxiliary verb (for
example: be or have) and a subject
pronoun (for example: I, you, she).
• Negative question tags are usually
contracted: it's warm today, isn't it
(not 'is it not')
is positive, the question tag
is negative, and if the main clause
is negative, it's positive.
• For example: it's cold (positive), isn't
it (negative)?
• And: it isn't cold (negative), is it
(positive)?
 USES AND FORMS

• IF THE MAIN CLAUSE HAS AN THERE IS ONE WEIRD EXCEPTION:

AUXILIARY VERB IN IT, YOU USE THE THE QUESTION TAG AFTER I
SAME VERB IN THE TAG QUESTION. AM IS AREN'T I.
• IF THERE IS NO AUXILIARY VERB (IN FOR EXAMPLE:
THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND PAST I'M IN CHARGE OF THE FOOD, AREN'T
SIMPLE) USE DO / DOES / I?
DID (JUST LIKE WHEN YOU MAKE A
NORMAL QUESTION).
 Affirmative sentences Negative Sentences
(The auxiliary verb in the "tag" is (The auxiliary verb in the "tag" is
negative.) affirmative.)
to be
You're a teacher, aren't you? You aren't a teacher, are you?
He's tired, isn't he? He isn't tired, is he?
Present time
You speak English, don't you? You don't speak English, do you?
He swims, doesn't he? He doesn't swim, does he?
Past time
He went to school, didn't he? He didn't go to school, did he?
Perfect time
You have finished, haven't you? You haven't finished, have you?
He has left, hasn't he? He hasn't left, has he?
Future
She will cook, won't she? She won't cook, will she?
 QUESTIONS
To form this short question we will use the auxiliary of the main sentence and its subject but
with an opposite sign. If it had no auxiliary then we would use the auxiliary "to do".

If the sentence is affirmative, the tail question is negative and vice versa.

• Example affirmative sentences • Example negative sentences

• Your brother is older than you, isn’t
he?
• You can help me, can’t you?
• John is getting married, isn’t he?
• You worked yesterday, didn’t you?
• Sarah likes ice cream, doesn’t she?
• You’re not from here, are you?
• Kate’s not american, is she?
• Peter never liked susan, did he?
• They didn’t go to class yesterday,
did they?
• You can’t dance, can you?
 REPORTED SPEECH:
STATEMENST,QUESTIONS,COMNANDS,REQUETS.

• Defination
• Reported speech (also called indirect speech) is used to communicate what
someone else said, but without using the exact words. A few changes are
necessary; often a pronoun has to be changed and the verb is usually moved
back a tense, where possible.

• Ex: he said that he was going to come. (The person's exact words were "i'm
going to come.")
 USES AND FORMS

THE DIRECT STYLE AND THE INDIRECT STYLE

THE DIRECT STYLE IS USED WHEN WE EXPRESS OURSELVES WITH OUR OWN
KNOWLEDGE:

•The earth is round

Instead, the indirect style is when we narrate what another person
has said:
•Columbus said that the earth was round.
 WHEN DO WE USE THE REPORTED SPEECH?

WHEN DO WE USE THE REPORTED SPEECH?

• When we want to say that we have someone who has
explained, we have two options: the use of direct style
(direct speech), or indirect style (indirect speech).
 REPORTED SPEECH FOR CLAIMS
When we use the reported speech, we will take the verb tense of the original
phrase as a reference and we will pass it a verb tense backwards.
Reported speech for questions
When we use reported speech to express a question, we also pass the
verb tense of the original sentence back as with the statements, but the
sentence loses the structure of the question and becomes the structure
of a statement.
reported speech for requests and orders
When we use reported speech to express a request, the verb of the
phrase in reported speech will be in the infinitive preceded by the
particle to, and will be introduced by the verb ask. For orders, the verb
tell is used. If the phrase is negative, we will place the particle not before
the to.
Informed
speech is a
structure that
is used when
we want to
tell one
person what
another has
previously
said to us.