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• Disadvantages
– Essentially a “fixed-speed” machine
– Speed is determined by the supply frequency
– To vary its speed need a variable frequency supply
• Applications
– Conveyer line (belt) drives, Roller table, Paper mills,
Traction, Electric vehicles, Elevators, pulleys, Air-
conditioning and any industrial process that requires
variable-speed operation.
e
1
p
where
e : supply frequency (in Hz)
p: pole pairs (p=1for 2 pole motor, p=2 for 4 pole
motor etc)
m e
s 1 ; 1
1 p
where :
e : supply frequency
m : rotor frequency
p : pole pair
V1 Rm Lm Vm
V2 = nSVm R2
STATOR SIDE
ROTOR SIDE
R1 : Stator resistance
L1 : Stator leakage inductance
R2 : Rotor resistance
L2 : Rotor leakage inductance
Lm : Magnetising inductance
v1 : Supply voltage (phase voltage)
V1 Rm Lm R2
S
• Difficult to do calculations.
E 2 sE1
E 2 sE1 1E1 E1
E 2 (0) E1 0
I1 R1 L1 I2 L2
V1 Rm Lm R2
S
Since
1 m
s m (1 s )1 ,
1
3 I 2 2 R2
Te
s1
But 1 e ; e is the supply frequency.
p
Then,
3 pI 2 2 R2
Te
s e
Dr. Zainal salam; Power 8
Electronics and Drives
(Version 2),2002, UTMJB
Example calculation
I1 R1 X1 I2 X2
V1 Xm R2
20 0.1
Solution :
At standstill, s 1
0.1 j 0.2
Z in 0.2 j 0.5 j 20
0.1 j 0.2 j 20
0.76
V 220 3
I1 1 167 A
Z in 0.76
+
R1 L1 L2
LM R2
V1
s
TORQUE(+)
e e
e MOTORING
m m m
Tem
PLUGGING (max torque or GENERATING
pull-out torque)
SLIP,s
TORQUE(-)
CURRENT TORQUE
operating point
EFFICIENCY (rated torque)
POWER
FACTOR rated current
rated slip
SLIP
0
1.0
Standstill synchronous speed
IM
Modulation Index,
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT IM
Dr. Zainal salam; Power 16
Electronics and Drives
(Version 2),2002, UTMJB
Variable speed characteristics
• For variable speed operation, the supply is an
inverter.
TORQUE(+) f1 f f1 f 2 f 3 f 4 f 5
2
f3
f4
f5
rated torque
0
SPEED
rated slip
SLIP,s
0 SLIP,s SPEED
TORQUE(+)
rated torque
SLIP,s SPEED
Base speed
TORQUE(+)
"FIELD WEAKENING"
CONSTANT TORQUE
REGION
Electromagnetic torque, T e
Terminal (supply)
voltage, V 1
slip frequency,fs
slip,s
0 Base speed SPEED