|


 
Or

Job Hazard
Analysis
 |

 
—
  
   

  is course will elp you to

understand and conduct your own
Job Safety Analysis.  e aim is to
elp you identify and correct t e most
serious safety issues facing your
particular situation.
  is course focuses on employee
safety and ealt
but t e general
met od may be applied to ot er loss
prevention efforts (environmental and
fire protection
liability
etc.)
 |

 
ë 
 


 A JSA is a tec nique of screening job

tasks as a way to identify azards
before t ey occur.
 It focuses on t e relations ip between
t e worker
t e task
t e tools and t e
work environment.
 After identifying azards
you can take
steps to eliminate or reduce t e azard
to an acceptable level.
Hazard ± a potential for arm
A azard is associated wit a condition or activity t at

if left uncontrolled
can result in an injury or illness.
 ë 

|

 
 o become aware of all t e
azards associated wit eac
position in your organization.
 o prevent work related deat s

injuries
or illness by eliminating
or controlling azards identified.
 o ensure all employees ave
t e proper job procedures to
ensure t eir safety.
 o ensure all employees ave
t e training
equipment
and
supplies to do t eir jobs safely
 @
 
 
  e azard analysis:

± Increases employee azard

recognition and awareness

± Standardizes operations based

on acceptable safe practices

± Identifies appropriate Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE)

± Allows formal documentation of

employee¶s knowledge of t e job
requirements.

- Increases productivity
 M  |
@
 
 A azard analysis is t e evaluation of t e
azards associated wit an employee¶s work
activity
 A azard analysis focuses on ³fixing´ t e
system or root causes t at broug t t e
azardous condition or unsafe practice into
t e workplace
± Provides organized approac for t e evaluation of a process
± Identifies azards
root causes and corrective actions.

 A azard analysis attempts to incorporate

³Safe Be avior´ into t e normal operating
procedures.
 @ 


 ë en conducting a Job Safety Analysis you'll

need to take a fres look at t e way t ings are
done at your work place.
Just because "ëe've been doing it t is way for 20
years
" doesn't mean t at a azard doesn't exist.

 Accepting a risk or azard is not t e same as

eliminating or controlling it.
 You'll need to take a compre ensive look at all
possible azards wit an open mind. (ëe'll
suggest a way to rank t e azards later.)
@  
| 

 Involve your employees in t e JSA process.

 Identify t e job or task to be analyzed.
 Break t e job or task into key components.
 Identify t e azards found in eac key
component.
Use accident istory of injuries and ³near misses´.
 Identify ways to eliminate or control t ese
azards.
 Act to eliminate t e azard or implement t e
controls.
 Record t e azards identified and t e steps
taken to eliminate or control t em.
 Periodically assess controls to ensure t ey are
working correctly.
|
@
 


|

 
G    

 Any job or task t at meets any of

t e following conditions s ould
ave a JSA conducted for it.
asks wit a istory of injuries
or near
misses.
Catastrop ic potential: fire
explosion

c emical release
toxic atmosp eres
oxygen
deficient atmosp eres.
asks done in new environments


|

 
G    

In addition
any job or task t at meets any

of t e following conditions s ould also
ave a JSA conducted for it:
New people doing t e task.
asks t at ave c anged.
Rarely performed jobs.
Any task done under a safety "ëork
permit" condition (e.g. permit required
confined space
ot work permits
Lock
Out/ag Out).


|

 
G   


 Look at jobs injuring workers using

existing information found in:
Your accident or incident reports
ëorkers' compensation claims
Conduct walk t roug observations to
identify azardous jobs or tasks.

 
 |
 
 
G  



 Incident or accident reports will direct

you to t e jobs t at ave injured
workers in t e past.
Don¶t forget ³near misses´.
 ëorkers' compensation claims will
s ow you jobs t at ave caused an
injury.

 
 |
 
 
ë   
ë

 Observe workers doing t eir jobs to

identify potential azards t at may lead
to an injury
pay attention to t e
amount of time t e worker is exposed
to a particular azard.
 alk wit workers to find out w at t ey
t ink is t e most azardous part of
t eir job
ask t em if w at you
observed t em doing is typical.

 
 |
 
 
 



 ë
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Hazards Source List
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Hazards Source List ±con¶t




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ë 



 |
 Once you ave identified jobs needing a
JSA
t en its time to start conducting t e
JSA's.
 Involving employees and area
managers in t e JSA process
allows t em to bring t eir
insig ts on t e job to t e
process.
 ey can elp to identify azards and
t ey will ave owners ip of t e JSA and
may more readily accept t e findings and
azard controls selected.


|

 

 Once t e job is identified
you must

break it into key components or sub-
tasks and t en identify and list all t e
azards associated wit eac subtask.
ë at can go wrong?
ë at are t e consequences?
How could a problem appen?
How likely is it t at t e azard will occur?

  e following screens will elp you

break down a job
and identify and rank
azards.


|

 
V G     !" #  

 oo muc detail makes t e Job Safety Analysis

cumbersome.
 oo Muc Detail
Get ladder from storage.
Get new lig t bulb from storage.
Carry ladder and lig t bulb to lig t needing c anging.
Place ladder under lig t to be c anged.
Ensure lig t switc is in t e off position.
Climb ladder.
Remove lig t cover.
wist lig t bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until it is free of t e socket.
Remove old lig t bulb.
Remove new lig t bulb from package.
Insert new lig t bulb into socket.
urn in a clock-wise direction until tig tened.
Replace Cover.
Descend ladder.
Place old lig t bulb in tras .
Carry ladder back to storage.


|

 
V G     !" #  

 oo little detail may omit azards.

 oo Little Detail
Get a ladder and new lig t bulb.
C ange bulb.
Put ladder away and
t row out old lig t bulb.


|

 
V G     !" #  

  e correct amount of detail breaks t e job into

components t at make sense in terms of t e
overall job.
 Rig t Amount of Detail
Get ladder and new lig t bulb.
Place ladder under lig t to be c anged.
Use ladder
c ange bulb.
Put tools and supplies away.
 ë en evaluating a task
suc as "c anging a
lig t bulb" remember t at you do not want too
muc detail
or too little detail
keep your focus
on obtaining t e rig t amount of detail.
 Generally limit t e number of components to
10 or less.


|

 
å     


 



  is following list of questions is intended to elp

focus your effort at identifying and controlling
azards.
 ë ile t e list is compre ensive
it is not complete

and you'll need to t ink about t e sub-tasks and t e
particular azards t ey present.
 å
 

Does t e layout of t e location or process create

azards
(e.g. pedestrian/fork-lift traffic)?
Is t ere adequate access and egress to and from t e
work area?
Are workers exposed to temperature extremes?
Is t e lig ting adequate?
Is t e work done outdoors? Can t e weat er create a
azard?


|

 
å     


 

$
$" %

Does t e task require entering a confined space?

Is t e work done at eig ts (from a ladder
roof top

etc.)?
Do t e tools or equipment create a azard?
Is t ere excessive noise or vibration?
Can any part of t e worker's body or clot ing be
caug t in t e equipment?
Is t e tool or equipment appropriate for t e task
(strengt
size
power
etc.)?
Are c emicals used?
Does t e worker come into direct contact wit t e
c emicals?


|

 
å     


 

$
$" %

Are t e c emicals released into t e air (gas
mists

vapors
etc.)?
Are workers exposed to electrical azards?
Are t ere excavations
oles
or floor openings in
t e work area?
Are t e workers exposed to stored energy azards
suc as; line pressure
electricity
steam
or falling
objects?
Does t e process start and stop automatically?
Are robotics used in t e process?
Can uman factor issues (training
fitness
fatigue

etc.) create a azard?
Is t ere risk of injury from material andling suc
as lifting
carrying
pus ing or pulling)?
Is t ere risk of repetitive motion injury?


|

 
º  &

 Once you've identified t e jobs t at

ave t e potential to or are in fact
injuring workers
you'll need to rank
t ese tasks and start addressing t e
most serious first.
 One met od for ranking tasks
considers t e probability of t e azard
causing injury
along wit an estimate
of t e severity of t e resulting injury.
 ese are not necessarily precise predictions of
w en and ow severe an injury may be
t ey are
an estimate of t e outcome and t e likeli ood of
t e injury occurring.
 e next t ree slides presents t is met od for
ranking azardous tasks.


|

 
'   (     &
 Consider t e severity of an injury if
somet ing were to go wrong w ile doing
a task.
 Look at t e four categories under
"Severity³.

Severity
X   


   

   

   
   

 

 
  



|

 
'   (     &

 Next t ink about ow often t e worker

is exposed to t e azard using t e
categories found in t e "Probability"
table.

Probability
†
!

 "
!

X # 
 
$


 %

 &

 
 

 ' 
 

 




|

 
'   (     &

 Multiply t e "Severity" rank by t e

"Probability" rank.
 Organize t e azardous tasks by t eir
score from ig est to lowest
address
t e ig est scored tasks first.
  is met od can elp you decide w ic
is more important
an infrequent job
t at as t e potential to kill a worker
or
a frequent job t at is injuring workers.


|

 
|  


|

 
 "   
 Now t at you've identified t e job and
evaluated its sub-tasks and t eir
azards
you need to identify ways to
eliminate or control t ese azards.
´  e best met od to protect workers is to eliminate t e
azard at t e source. ³ransfer t e Risk´
´ If elimination is not possible
control t e azard at its
source wit engineering controls or limit exposures
using administrative controls.
´ If engineering or administrative controls are not
enoug to reduce t e exposure to an acceptable level

personal protective equipment must be used.
´ Personal protective equipment is also used w ile
engineering controls are being installed.


|

 
 

 otally eliminate t e azard or process ± mostly

unrealistic
CONROL MEHOD HIERARCHY
 Engineering Controls - c anging t e process or
re-engineering to eliminate or minimize t e
azards.
 e most effective control measure
 e more reliable or less likely a azard control can
be circumvented
t e better
Isolate t e azard ± enclose a azardous mac ine
Substitution - substituting a toxic c emical wit one
aving a lower toxicity


|

 
 

 Administrative Controls ±
ig ten up procedures and safe work practices
including use of azardous materials
Alarms
signs and warnings
raining
Exposure limitations ± time limits on azardous
duties
Buddy system

 Personal Protective Equipment ± is acceptable as

temporary control met od
Respirators
Hearing protection
Eye protection
Hard ats
Protective clot ing including s oes

 
@

 

 If t e azard can not be eliminated

steps must be taken to control t e
worker's exposure to it t roug :
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Combinations of Controls
 Combinations of Controls may need to be used if
t e azard can't be completely controlled by
engineering controls alone.