WAVEGUIDE PRINCIPLE

IRINEO P. QUINTO
ECE / REE
PROPER WALL SEPARATION

- + - + -

- + - + - + -
 WAVELENGTHS

p


n
θ

n – WAVELENGTH NORMAL TO THE WALL

p – GUIDE WAVELENGTH
 - FREE SPACE WAVELENGTH
WAVELENGTH INSIDE THE
WAVEGUIDE

 = ncosθ
p

θ 
n =  / cosθ
n

 = psinθ
p =  / sinθ
VELOCITIES INSIDE THE
WAVEGUIDE

Vp = C / sinθ
Vp

Vg Vg = C sinθ

θ
C Vg Vp = C2

Vp – PHASE VELOCITY

Vg – GROUP VELOCITY
WAVEGUIDE WALL SEPARATION

n
a=m
2
b

a=m
2cosθ
a m
cosθ =
STANDARD RECTANGULAR 2a
WAVEGUIDE

a:b=2:1
CUT-OFF WAVELENGTH, o

c c
Vp = =
sinθ
1 – cos2θ

c
Vp =
2
m
1- ( 2a
)
2a
o =
m
LAUNCHING SIGNAL INSIDE THE
WAVEGUIDE

-
+
-
+

+ - +

+
-
+
-
 MODE OF PROPAGATION
• TE MODE • TM MODE
– TRANSVERSE – TRANSVERSE
ELECTRIC MAGNETIC
– H MODE – E MODE
DOMINANT MODE, TE10
n
2

p
n
a= 2
LAUNCHING THE DOMINANT
MODE

?
?
 TEmo MODE

+ - +

a = n - + -

+ - +

- + -

a=
3 n
2 + - +
LAUNCHING OF SIGNAL

?
?
?
TEmn MODE
CHARACTERISTIC WAVE IMPEDANCE AND
CUT-OFF WAVELENGTH FOR TE MODE

Zo = 120π / 1 – (λ/λo)2

λo = 2 / (m/a)2 + (n/b)2
TMmn MODE

Zo = 120π 1 – (λ/λo)2
LAUNCHING SIGNALS IN TM
MODE
COUPLING EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT

LOOP COUPLING PROBE COUPLING

SLOT COUPLING
 PROBLEMS
• A rectangular waveguide • A wave is propagated in a
is 5.10 cm by 2.4 cm parallel plane waveguide.
(inside measurements). The frequency is 6 GHz
Calculate the cut-off and the plane separation
frequency for the is 3 cm. Calculate the:
dominant mode. (a) cutoff wavelength for
the dominant mode; (b)
the guide wavelength
also for the dominant
mode; and (c) the
corresponding phase and
group velocities
 PROBLEMS
• WHAT WILL BE THE CUT-OFF
WAVELENGTH FOR THE DOMINANT
MODE IN RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE
WHOSE BREADTH IS 10 cm? FOR A 2.5
GHz SIGNAL PROPAGATED IN THIS
GUIDE IN THE DOMINANT MODE,
CALCULATE THE GUIDE WAVELENGTH,
THE GROUP AND PHASE VELOCITIES
AND THE CHARACTERISTIC WAVE
IMPEDANCE?
 CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
– BIGGER CROSS SECTION THAN
RECTANGULAR
– POSSIBILITY OF PLANE OF POLARIZATION TO
ROTATE DUE TO DISCONTINUITIES OR
ROUGHNESS
– EASIER TO MANUFACTURE THAN
RECTANGULAR
– EASIER TO JOIN TOGETHER

2r
o =
(kr)
 CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDES
TE MODE TM MODE

MODE (kr) MODE (kr)

TE01 3.83 TM01 2.40
TE11 1.84 TM11 3.83
TE21 3.05 TM21 5.14
TE02 7.02 TM02 5.52
5.33 7.02
TE12 TM12
6.71 8.42
TE22 TM22
 PROBLEMS
• CALCULATE THE CUT- • CALCULATE THE RATIO
OFF WAVELENGTH, OF THE CROSS
THE GUIDE SECTION OF A
WAVELENGTH AND CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
THE CHARACTERISTIC TO THAT OF A
WAVE IMPEDANCE OF RECTANGULAR
A CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE IF EACH
WAVEGUIDE WHOSE IS TO HAVE THE SAME
INTERNAL DIAMETER CUT-OFF
IS 4 cm, FOR A 10 GHz WAVELENGTH FOR ITS
SIGNAL PROPAGATED DOMINANT MODE.
IN IT IN THE TE11 MODE.
WAVEGUIDE FLANGES

PLAIN

CHOKE