Limits, Fits and Tolerances With

Case Study

Presented By : 1. Tanmay Lokhande (37)

2. Siddhi Marathe (39)
3. Abhijeet More(42)
4. Aarti Pawar(49)
 1. Importance

2. Basic Terms

3. Limits

4. Fits and System of Fits

CONTENTS 5. Tolerance

6. Surface Roughness
.

7. Case Study : Flange Coupling

8. Referances
 1.IMPORTANCE
• It is impossible to maintain dimensions, geometrical properties and
surface roughness of components .

• Limits,fits and tolerance are necessary to ensure

Interchangeability of mating parts.

• Lack of tolerance leads to delay and higher cost.

• Roughness is important to determine how a the component will

interact with its environment.
 2.BASIC TERMS
1.Basic size - The size from which the limits of size are derived by the
application of tolerances.

2.Actual size - Actual measured dimension of the part.

3.Actual deviation - The algebraic difference between the actual size and
basic size.

4.Upper deviation - The algebraic difference between the maximum limit

and basic size.

6. Lower deviation - The algebraic difference between the minimum limit

and basic size.

7.Zero line – it is the line of zero deviation and it represents the basic size.
 3.LIMITS
Limits - The two extreme permissible sizes for dimension of a part,
between which the actual size should lie.

Upper limit – the largest permissible size for a dimension

Lower limit - the lowest permissible size for a dimension

4.FITS AND SYSTEM OF FITS
Fits – fit is the dimensional relationship that exists between two
mating parts. It is the degree of looseness or tightness.

Types of fits:

• Clearence fit – It always provides a clearance. Here the tolerance

zone of the hole will be above the tolerance zone of the shaft.
In clearance fit lower limit of hole is more than upper limit of
shaft.
Examples – slide fit, running fit
2. Interference fit –
It always provides interference. In this case lower limit of
shaft is above upper limit of hole.
Examples- force fit, tight fit.

3. Transition fit –
It lies between clearance fit and
interference fit.
In transition fit the tolerance zone of hole and shaft overlap
with each other.

Example – wringing fit, push fit.

 System of Fits

1.Hole basis system –The different clearances and interferences are

obtained using various shafts with a single hole, whose lower
deviation is zero.
2.Shaft basis system - in this system, the different clearances and
interferences are obtained in associating various holes with a single
shaft, whose upper deviation is zero.
 5.TOLERANCES
Tolerance is the total amount of a dimension may vary. It is difference between
upper and lower limits
Dimensional tolerance: the
tolerance given to control dimensional
features (eg.length,width,diameter etc.)

1.Unilateral tolerance: The tolerance

zone always lies above or below zero
line.
2.Bilateral Tolerance: The tolerance
zone always lies on both sides of zero
line.
Geometrical tolerances:

The tolerances given to control size of

individual features and allowable
variation in orientation and location
between features.

Geometrical tolerances are specified

using a control frame consisting of a
tolerance symbol, a tolerance value and
optional datum planes.

Control Frame
6.SURFACE ROUGHNESS
The geometrical characteristics of surface include :
1.Macro deviations
2.Surface waviness
3.Micro irregularities

Surface roughness number : It represents the average deparature of

the surface from perfection over a prescribed sampling length
(usually selected as 0.8mm)
 Indication of Surface Texture
Symbols :
• Two legs of unequal length inclined at 60o with the considered
surface.
Use thin line for symbol.

• Removal of material : A bar is added to the basic symbol

• Removal of material when not permitted : add a circle to the basic

symbol

• Special surface characteristics : Add a horizontal line to the longer

arm.
 7.Case Study : Production Drawing

Flange coupling with Limits, Fits and Tolerances

 Case Study

Fig.1. Flange coupling (2)

 Characteristic Symbols

Form of single features Circularity

Cylindricity

Click icon to add picture

Flatness

Orientation of related features Parallelism

Perpendicularity

Position of related features Position

Runout

Material conditions Least material condition

Maximum material condition M
Referances :
1. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=2799

2. http://mackhilsmetalfabrication.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/GDD-Drawing-Example.png
THANK YOU