The Higher Technological Institute (HTI) Department of Basic Science

Mth 105
Statistics and Probability

Chapter 5
Lec.1 , Lec.2

Dr. Tarek Nassar

Chapter 5
Probability Distributions
In chapter 4 the student had studied the following topics

1) Random Variables

2) probability function and density function

3)Expected Value and Variance

Today’s discussion on discrete probability distributions

1) Binomial distribution 2) Poisson distribution

1) Binomial distribution

This distribution is used to study the experiment

which has only two outcomes are possible
(success and failure) . The outcome of each trial
does not depend on the previous trial
(independence). The probability for success p is
the same for each trial. Trials are repeated a
specified number of times n.

i.e. if toss a coin 10 times.

For a discrete random variable x whose density
function x n x
P( X  x)  n C x p q
where
n ≡ total number of independent trials
p ≡ probability of success for a single trial
q ≡ probability of failure for single trial = 1 – p
x ≡ selected event
Then the R.V. ‘’x’’ is corresponding to Binomial distribution
can be written as: X~ B(n, p)
with 1) Mean
μ  np
2) variance
σ  npq
2
Example.1: Of all the new vehicles of a certain model that
are sold, 20% require repairs to be done under warranty
during the first year of service. A particular dealership sells
14 such vehicles. What is the probability that fewer than five
of them require warranty repairs?

Solution
Let X represents the number of vehicles that require warranty
repairs.
Then X ∼ B (14, 0.2).

The probability that fewer than five vehicles require warranty

repairs is

P(X ≤ 4) = P(X=0) + P(X=1) + P(X=2) + P(X=3)+ P(X=4)

 14 C0 (0.20 )(0.814 )  ...  14 C4 (0.24 )(0.810 )

= 0.870.
Example.2: Ten percent of the items in a large lot are defective.
A sample of six items is drawn from this lot. Find
1) probability that exactly one of the sampled items is defective.
2) probability that at least two of the sampled items are defective.
3) Mean and variance of defective items

Solution
Let X represents the number of defective items X ∼ B (6, 0.10).

n=6, p=0.10, and q=1-0.10=0.90

1) P  X  1  6 C1 (0.101 )(0.905 )  0.354

2) P  X  1  1  P  X  0   1  6 C0 (0.100 )(0.906 )  0.4685

3) μ  np = 6 * 0.10 = 0.6
σ 2  npq  6 * 0.10 * 0.90  0.54
Exercise.1: A warehouse contains ten printing machines, four
of which are defective. A company selects five of the
machines at random, thinking all are in working condition.

a) What is the probability that fewer than defective?

b) What is the probability that all five of the machines are non-
defective?