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INTRODUCTION
BY 130670106010
Today’s subject:
Branch of Mechanics
M e c h a n ic s
R ig id B o d ie s D e f o r m a b le B o d i e s F l u id s
( T h in g s t h a t d o n o t c h a n g e s h a p e ) ( T h in g s t h a t d o c h a n g e s h a p e )
S t a t ic s D y n a m ic s I n c o m p r e s s ib l e C o m p r e s s i b le
Physical Characteristics of Fluids
• •
U.S. Customary (USCS)
SI UNITS
In the SI system, the unit of force, the Newton, is derived unit. The meter,
• U.S. CUSTOMORY
In the US Customary system, the unit of mass, the slug, is a derived unit.
Basic Unit System & Units
The SI system consists of six primary units, from which all
quantities may be described but in fluid mechanics we are
generally only interested in the top four units from this table.
Derived Units
There are many derived units all obtained from combination of the
above primary units. Those most used are shown in the table below:
Derived Units
Table summarizes these unit systems.
SI System of Units
W=mg
= (1) (9.81) kg m / s2
= 9.81 N
Traditional Units
Specific Weight,
The gravitational force per unit volume of fluid, or
simply “weight per unit volume”.
- Water at 20 oC has a specific weight of 9.79 kN/m3.
Mass Density,
The “mass per unit volume” is mass density. Hence it
has units of kilograms per cubic meter.
- The mass density of water at 4 oC is 1000 kg/m3 while it
is 1.20 kg/m3 for air at 20 oC at standard pressure.
Specific Gravity, S
133 kN/m3
S Hg 13.6
9.81 kN/m3
Ideal Gas Law
A form of the general equation of state, relating pressure,
specific volume, and temperature;
Terminology
Viscosity,
N .s / m 2
m2 / s Absolute viscosity,
kg / m 3
Dynamic viscosity,
Kinematic Viscosity,
Other viscosity highlights
viscosity
viscosity
Newtonian vs. Non-Newtonian Fluids
When the adhesive forces between liquid and solid are larger than the
liquid's cohesive forces, the meniscus in a small diameter tube will tend to
be concave
If adhesive forces are smaller than cohesive forces the meniscus will tend
to be convex, for example mercury in glass.
concave convex
water mercury
Differences between adhesive & Cohesive
acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to
another)
and
=wetting angle
1slugs ft
W x 32.2 1lbf
32.2 s2
1slugs ft
W x 5.31 0.165lbf
32.2 s2
Example 2.2: Capillary Rise Problem