What is System?

 “A system is a set of concepts or parts that must

work together to form a particular function.”

 “A system is a set of elements or components that

are formed and interact to accomplish goals or
objectives.”
 Examples of System

 System of a hospital

 System of education institution

 System of organization
 Elements of System

A system element can be tangible object (touchable

or measureable object), an abstract concept (data or
information) or an event.
 Logical and Physical Description of
System
The logical description is a representation that specifies
essential system elements in broad, often abstract terms.
 Example: - if we describe a computer system, we will use the
terms “input”, “processing” and “output” which are the broad
concepts.

A physical description of a system is much more precise about

how it is actually implemented.
 Example: - if we say that a keyboard is used as an input
device on a computer system, which uses both monitor and
printer as output devices, then we are describing a system in a
physical term.
 Classification of System
Simple or Complex System:
 A simple system is one in which there are few elements
or components and the relationship between the elements is
uncomplicated or straightforward
 A complex system has many elements that are highly

related and interconnected.

Open or Closed System:-
 An open system has an interaction with its environment.

 A closed system is the opposite of an open system as it

has no interaction with the environment.

 Classification of System:-
Stable or Dynamic System:-
 A stable system is one in which changes in the environment

result in little or no change in the system.

 A dynamic is one that undergoes rapid and constant change due

to changes in its environment.

Adaptive or Non-adaptive System:-

 An adaptive is one that responds to a changing environment.

The system that monitors the environment and undergoes

change in response to changes in the environment.
 A non adaptive system is one that does not change with a

changing environment.
 Classification of System:-
Permanent or Temporary System:
 A permanent system is one that is or will be in

existence for a long period of time, usually ten years

or more.
 A temporary system is one that will not be in

existence for a long period of time. In some cases,

temporary systems exist for less than a month.
 What is Data?
The term data refers to qualitative or quantitative
attributes of a variable or set of variables.
 Data is raw.

 It simply exists and has no significance beyond its

existence.
 It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not

have meaning of itself.

 Data (plural of "datum") are typically the results of

measurements and can be the basis of graphs,

images, or observations of a set of variables.