VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol

Department of Business Administration

Leading University
 Part 1: Introducing VoIP

Part 2: Technical View of VoIP

Part 3: VoIP in Bangladesh

Contents of Presentation 2
06/03/2020
PART 1

Introducing VoIP
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• Communication is the heart of our business and voice
over IP has the capability to strengthen that heart and
thereby strengthen our business.
• VoIP is not just another form of connectivity. Yes, it
combines the intimacy of voice with the power of data,
but it is more than voice over the internet or voice over
our data network. It enables the merging of voice and data
applications in ways that liberate business processes.
• VoIP extends the voice communication to any one,
anywhere, over any device – it is fundamental building
block of intelligent communication.
• It offers businesses the benefits of significant cost savings,
increase revenues, and better customer service.

Introduction 4
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• It puts communication at the core of the business,
enabling faster decisions, revitalized business process and
new business models.
• Through this technology Internet protocol is now
preferred over traditional phone system.
• This presentation precisely introduces this emerging
technology, known as VoIP (Voice over IP).
• We will show the technical overview for implementing
VoIP and also its functions of call routing in domestic
context as well as international context.
• Then the last part of this presentation will contain the
current status of VoIP in Bangladesh and also its major
challenges.

Introduction Continued…….. 5
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• VoIP, which is stands for Voice over Internet Protocol,
basically means voice transmitted over a digital network
changing the meaning of the phrase “telephone call”.
• It commonly refers to the communication protocols,
technologies, methodologies, and transmission
techniques.
• VoIP is involved in the delivery of voice communications
and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP)
networks, such as the Internet.
• Other terms commonly associated with VoIP are IP
telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband
(VoBB), broadband telephony, IP communications, and
broadband phone.

What is VoIP? 6
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• This technology allows us to make phone calls over a
broadband internet connection instead of typical
analog telephone lines.
• Basic VoIP access usually allows us to call others who
are also receiving calls over the internet.
• Interconnected VoIP services also provide the
opportunity to make and receive calls to and from
traditional landline numbers, usually for a service fee.
• Some VoIP services require a computer or a dedicated
VoIP phone, while others allow us to use our landline
phone to place VoIP calls through a special adapter.

What is VoIP? Continued……. 7

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• At the heart of the VoIP model is network
convergence.
• Where voice & multimedia traffic are converted to
‘packets’ allowing them to be integrated with data
traffic on a common shared IP transport architecture.
• What is necessary for VoIP technology is the use of
same protocols that the internet uses.
• Thus, voice over internet protocol means voice travels
by way of the same protocols use on the internet.

What is VoIP? Continued…….. 8

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Circuit
Circuit Switch
Switch based
based POTS
POTS or
or PSTN
PSTN Packet
Packet Switch
Switch based
based VoIP
VoIP

• Public Switched
Switched • Shared path – Packet
Telephone Network
switching Technology
• Plain Old Telephone
• Multiple Routes
Service • VoIP – Voice signals in
• Single Route
Route
electronic envelops
• Dedicated Path
Path – Circuit • Packets included callers’
Switching
Switching Technology
Technology
and receivers’ addresses
• No shared Line
• Routed through different
• Connecting
Connecting the switches
paths
throughout the
the path

Evolution of VoIP 9
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• The diagram below shows a simplified architecture
evolution for the introduction of VoIP

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• VoIP Drivers and Benefits

Why is VoIP? 11
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 PART 2

Technical View of VoIP

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• Passing a VoIP call through the TCP/IP protocol layers:

Protocols for VoIP 13

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• Difference between traditional TCP/IP protocol for data
transmission and TCP/IP protocol for VoIP:

Protocols for VoIP Continued……… 14

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 H.323, SIP, MGCP, H.248
VoIP Protocols

Signaling Protocols (MEGACO), Cisco’s SCCP (Skinny)

protocols.

Speech
Transmission RTP, G.7xx (G.711, G.729, G7.22)
Protocols standards

Protocols for VoIP Continued……… 15

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• A Simple VoIP Network:

Key Elements of VoIP Network 16

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Elements Descriptions
PSTN (Public PSTN lines come in two common standards. Normal phone lines
Switched coming in your home are called analog lines. They have one
Telephone dedicated phone number and can be used to originate or receive
Network one voice call at a time. There are other types of lines called Digital
lines.

Gatekeeper A gatekeeper is an H.323 concept and a device or computer that

controls one or more gateways within a “zone”. It is responsible for
routing all calls to/from the gateways in a non-point-to-point
situation. Gatekeepers can communicate with other gatekeepers,
but usually only between those of the same manufacturer.

Router A router is a hardware and software system that directs data

packets entering the router toward their intended destinations.
Routers have various physical interfaces such as 100baseT
Ethernet, T1, E1, DS3, OC-3, etc. Routing is based upon the
destination address contained within the header of the IP data
packet

Key Elements of VoIP Network Continued……… 17

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Elements Descriptions
Gateway A gateway in the circuit-switched network is a switch that bridges
or interfaces two separate PSTN networks. A gateway is a hardware
and software system that converts one type of media to another
type of media. In general telephony terms it converts voice from
one form to another, usually from circuit-switched to packet-
switched. In the ISC/IETF VoIP model, a gateway is a dumb device
that mainly converts the voice media
H.323 An ITU-T standard for handling video, data and voice call
information. This standard was originally proposed for the
PictureTel system, which allowed video/voice calls, but has been
enlarged to encompass many types of media devices. This
“protocol” is actually a umbrella for multiple protocols, each
responsible for different items such as packet format and
transmission, video codecs, voice codecs, call signaling,
conferencing, etc. Version 1 was formally approved in 1996 and the
latest, version 4, was approved in November 2000

Key Elements of VoIP Network Continued……… 18

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Elements Descriptions
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network is a point-to-point signaling
protocol designed to interface PBX equipment with
central office switches. It uses out-of-band signaling on a data link
that is carried with the bearer circuits.

ITU-T International Telecommunications Union—Telecommunications

sector. The part of the ITU responsible for both circuit-switched and
packet-switched telecommunications.

Soft Phone PC Soft phone: such as Microsoft Messenger and Net meeting that
provide a software voice calling function usually from a PC.

IP Phone IP Phones: Similar to a POTS (Plain Old Telephony System) phones

or business sets but contain MG function and have an Ethernet
connection.

Key Elements of VoIP Network Continued……… 19

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Elements Descriptions
Call Agent (CA) • Receiving & generating signaling messages for call routing to the
appropriate destination
• Admission control and subscriber screening to validate access to
the network or service
• Control access to network resources such as conference bridges
• Provide bandwidth management for MGs and end devices
• Call Record generation for performance and accounting
Media Gateway Media Gateway (MG): a device under the control of a Call Agent that
converts the media (e.g. voice, video, fax) between circuit switched
networks and IP networks.

Key Elements of VoIP Network Continued……… 20

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• There scenarios of VoIP Communications are:

VoIP Communication Scenarios 21

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• Another one is:

VoIP Communication Scenarios Continued……… 22

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• For these scenarios there are two major categories of IP
phone implementations:
• Hard phone
• Soft phone.
• The hard phone contains all the hardware and software
to implement VoIP. It is not a PC, but is specifically
designed as a phone. Hard phones can be simple in their
functions, but can also have color displays with touch
sensitive screens and may even support web browsing.
There is no typical hard phone on the market.
• The second category, the softphone, is a headset
connected to a PC with all the telephone features
implemented by the sound card and software resident in
the PC
VoIP Communication Scenarios Continued……… 23
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 Softphone Pad

Hard Phone

VoIP Communication Scenarios Continued……… 24

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• Think about the following VoIP network:

How does VoIP work? 25

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• Suppose on that figure Site A is Bangladesh and Site B is
India. So now the question is “How will a VoIP call be routed
from the source A to the destination B?”
• Site A – Hardware based phone (Hard phone) and Site B – Software
based phone (Softphone)
• Site A is in the middle of a VoIP transition and has both a VoIP
infrastructure and a legacy PBX system in operation concurrently
whereas site B has completed the transition and has an all-IP
infrastructure. End-devices register their location with a signaling proxy.
• The signaling proxy participates in call signaling by relaying signaling
messages such as call initiation and termination between the caller and
the called party. Once signaling is established, the call’s media session
may be transported directly between the end-devices if both are IP-
based or through the voice gateway that translates the media between
the IP network and the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Site
A also has a legacy PBX system that connects to the VoIP infrastructure
and the PSTN through the voice gateway.

How does VoIP work? Continued….. 26

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 PART 3

VoIP in Bangladesh
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• There are some top VoIP Service Providers in
Bangladesh who are currently providing the best
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) services. These
are:
o Banglalion Communication Limited: Banglalion taken
the VoIP license from BTRC on 5th November of 2008.
o Minute Exchange Communication
o Digonta Express
o BD Routes
o BD Express
o Dragon Tel BD

VoIP in Bangladesh 28
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QUESTION AND ANSWER
SESSION
Hosted By:
Md. Rakibul Hasan
ID No: 04-008
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THANK YOU
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