Lecture 37 - Design of Two-Way

Floor Slab System

April 19, 2001
CVEN 444
 Lecture Goals

• Direct Design Method

• Example of DDMs
 Example 1
Design an interior panel of the two-way
slab for the floor system.The floor
consists of six panels at each direction,
with a panel size 24 ft x 20 ft. All
panels are supported by 20 in square
columns. The slabs are supported by
beams along the column line with cross
sections. The service live load is to be
taken as 80 psf and the service dead
load consists of 24 psf of floor
finishing in addition to the self-weight.
Use fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
 Example 1

The cross-sections are:

h = 7 in.
 Example 1
The resulting cross section:
 Example 1

The thickness was calculated in an earlier example.

Generally, thickness of the slab is calculated at the
for the external corner slab. So use h = 7 in.
 Example 1

The weight of the slab is given as.

lb  1 ft  lb lb
DL  24  7.0 in *   *150  111 .5
 
ft 2  12 in  ft 3 ft 2
 lb   lb  lb kips
wu  1.4 DL  1.7 LL  1.4115.5   1.7 80.0   292  0.292
 2   2 
 ft   ft  ft 2 ft 2
 Example 1

Compute the average depth, d for the slab. Use an

average depth for the shear calculation with a #5 bar
(d = 0.625 in)
d  h  cover - d b
d  9.0 in  0.75 in  0.625 in  7.625 in  d ave  7.6 in
 Example 1
The shear stresses in the slab are not
critical. The critical section is at a
distance d from the face of the beam.
Use 1 ft section.
 beam width 
Vu  wu 12 ft   d 1ft 
 
 2 
  1ft  
 16 in  
    1ft  
 
 0.292 k/ft 12 ft 
2  12 in   6 in

 1ft 

 2  12 in  
 
 
 3.16 k
 Example 1

The one way shear on the face of the beam.


Vc   2 f c bd 
 1 kip 
 
 0.85 2 4000 12 in. 6 in. 



 1000 lb 
 7.74 k  3.16 k OK.
 Example 1
Determine the strip sizes for the column and middle
strip. Use the smaller of l1 or l2 so l2 = 20 ft
l2 20 ft
l   5 ft
4 4
Therefore the column strip b = 2( 5 ft) = 10 ft (120 in)
The middle strips are
bl  20 ft  2 5 ft   10 ft 120 in 
bs  24 ft  2 5 ft   14 ft 168 in 
 Example 1
Calculate the strip sizes
 Example 1
Moment Mo for the two directions.
 20 in  1 ft  
long direction ln  24 ft  2     22.333 ft
  
 2  12 in  
 wl2  ln12   0.292 k/ft 2  20 ft   22.333 ft 
2
M ol    364.0 k - ft
8 8
short direction  20 in  1 ft  
ln  20 ft  2     18.333 ft
  
 2  12 in  
 wl2  ln12   0.292 k/ft 2  24 ft  18.333 ft 
2
M ol    294.3 k - ft
8 8
 Example 1

Interior panel

0.35Mo

0.65Mo
 Example 1

The factored components

of the moment for the
beam (long).

Negative - Moment 0.65 364 k - ft   236.6 k - ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 364 k - ft   127.4 k - ft
 Example 1
The moments of inertia about beam, Ib = 22,453 in4 and
Is = 6860 in4 (long direction) are need to determine the
distribution of the moments between the column and
middle strip. l2 20 ft
   0.8333
l1 24 ft
EbIb 22453 in 4
l    3.27
Es Is 6860 in 4
l2
l  3.27 *  0.8333  2.71
l1
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
negative moment is
distributed.

Factor  0.9 
 0.9  0.75
 0.8333  0.5
 0.5  1.0
 0.8
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
positive moment is
distributed.

Factor  0.9 
 0.9  0.75
 0.8333  0.5
 0.5  1.0
 0 .8
 Example 1
Components on the beam (long).
Column Strip
Negative - Moment 0.80 236.6 k - ft   189.3 k - ft
Positive + Moment 0.80127.4 k - ft   101.9 k - ft
Middle Strip
Negative - Moment 0.20 236.6 k - ft   47.3 k - ft
Positive + Moment 0.20127.4 k - ft   25.5 k - ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.
Column Strip - Negative Moment (189.3 k-ft)
Beam Moment 0.85189.3 k - ft   160.9 k - ft
Slab Moment 0.15189.3 k - ft   28.4 k - ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.

Column Strip - Positive Moment (101.9 k-ft)

Beam Moment 0.85101.9 k - ft   86.6 k - ft
Slab Moment 0.15101.9 k - ft   15.3 k - ft
 Example 1

The factored components

of the moment for the
beam (short).

Negative - Moment 0.65 294.3 k - ft   191.3 k - ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 294.3 k - ft   103 k - ft
 Example 1
The moments of inertia about beam, Ib = 22,453 in4 and
Is = 8232 in4 (short direction) are need to determine the
distribution of the moments between the column and
middle strip. l1 24 ft
   1.22222
l2 20 ft
EbIb 22453 in 4
l    2.73
Es Is 8232 in 4
l2
l  2.73 * 1.2222  3.33
l1
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
negative moment is
distributed.

Factor  0.75 
 0.75  0.45
1.2222  1.0
1.0  2.0
 0.6833
 Example 1
Need to interpolate to
determine how the
positive moment is
distributed.

Factor  0.75 
 0.75  0.45
1.2222  1.0
1.0  2.0
 0.6833
 Example 1
Components on the beam (short).
Column Strip
Negative - Moment 0.683191.3 k - ft   130.7 k - ft
Positive + Moment 0.683103 k - ft   70.4 k - ft

Middle Strip
Negative - Moment 0.317191.3 k - ft   60.6 k - ft
Positive + Moment 0.317103 k - ft   32.7 k - ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.
Column Strip - Negative Moment (130.7 k-ft)
Beam Moment 0.85130.7 k - ft   111 .1 k - ft
Slab Moment 0.15130.7 k - ft   19.6 k - ft
 Example 1
When 1 (l2/l1) > 1.0, ACI Code Section 13.6.5 indicates
that 85 % of the moment in the column strip is assigned
to the beam and balance of 15 % is assigned to the slab
in the column strip.

Column Strip - Positive Moment (70.4 k-ft)

Beam Moment 0.85 70.4 k - ft   59.8 k - ft
Slab Moment 0.15 70.4 k - ft   10.6 k - ft
Example 1 Summary
 Example 1
Use same procedure to do the reinforcement on the
concrete. Calculate the bars from the earlier
version of the problem.
 Example 1
Computing the reinforcement uses:

Mu
Ru 
bd 2
1.7 * R u
R u    w f c 1  0.59 w   w2  1.70 w  0
 fc

 1.7 * R 
1.70  1.7   4 u 
2
 
  f c  f y wf c
w w 
2 fc fy
 Example 1
Compute the reinforcement need for the negative moment
in long direction. Middle strip width b =120 in. (10 ft),
d =6 in. and Mu = 47.3 k-ft
 12 in 
47.3 k - ft  
Mu  
Ru    ft   0.132 ksi
bd 2 120 in  6 in  2
1.7 * 0.132 ksi
w  1.70w 
2
0
0.9 3 ksi 
 Example 1
Compute the reinforcement need for the negative moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =7.9 in.
and Mu = 200.6 k-ft

1.70  1.7  2  4 0.08311

w  0.05038
2
wf c 0.05038 3 ksi 
   0.0026
fy 60 ksi
 Example 1
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 6 in., and h = 7 in.

As  bd  0.0026120 in  6 in   1.87 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.0018120 in  7 in   1.52 in 2
 Example 1
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 6 in., and As = 1.52 in2. Use a
#4 bar (Ab =0.20 in2 )

As 1.52 in 2
# bars    7.56  Use 8 bars
Ab 0.20 in 2
120 in Maximum spacing is 2(h) or
s  15 in
18 in.
8
So 15 in < 14 in. Not OK!
Use #4
 Example 1
The long direction
 Example 1
The short direction
 Example 2
Using the direct design method,
design the typical exterior flat-
slab panel with drop down
panels only. All panels are
supported on 20 in. square
columns, 12 ft long. The slab
carries a uniform service live
load of 80 psf and service dead
load that consists of 24 psf of
finished in addition to the slab
self-weight. Use fc = 4 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi
 Example 2
The thickness of the slab is
found using

 12 in 
24 *    20 in
ln  
  ft   8.12 in No panels
33 33
 12 in 
24 *    20 in
ln  
  ft   7.44 in  8.0 in
36 36
 Example 2
From the ACI Code limitation:
1. For panels with discontinuous edges, end beams
with a minimum  equal to 0.8 must be used;
otherwise the minimum slab thickness calculated
by the equations must be increased by at least 10%.
2. When drop panels are used without beams, the
minimum slab thickness may be reduced by 10 %.
The drop panels should extend in each direction
from the centerline of support a distance not less
than one-sixth of the span length in that direction
between center to center of supports and also
project below the slab at least h/4.
 Example 2
From the ACI Code limitation:
3. Regardless of the values obtained for the equations,
the thickness of two-way slabs shall not be less
than the following:

1. For slabs without beams or drop panels, 5 in.

2. for slabs without beams but with drop
panels, 4 in.
3. for slabs with beams on all four sides with
m > 2.0, 3.5 in. and for m < 2.0, 5 in. (ACI
Code 9.5.3)
 Example 2
Therefore, the panel thickness is
h 8 in.
h  8 in.   10 in.
4 4
The panel half width are at least L/6 in length.
L 24 ft
  4 ft
6 6
L 20 ft
  3.33 ft  3.5 ft
6 6
 Example 2
Therefore, the drop down panel thickness is 10 in.
and has 7 ft x 8 ft.
 Example 2
The load on the slab is given as:
 1 ft 
Slab load  24 lb/ft  8 in.
2  *150 lb/ft3  124 lb/ft 2
 
 12 in. 
   
wu  1.4 124 lb/ft 2  1.7 80 lb/ft 2  310 lb/ft 2
The load on the panel is
 1 ft 
Panel load  24 lb/ft  10 in.
2  *150 lb/ft 3  149 lb/ft 2
 
 12 in. 
   
wu  1.4 149 lb/ft 2  1.7 80 lb/ft 2  345 lb/ft 2
 Example 2
The drop panel length is L/3 in each direction, then the
average wu is

wu 
2
310 lb/ft   345 lb/ft   322 lb/ft
2 1 2 2

3 3
 Example 2
The punch out shear at center column is
d  10 in.  0.75 in.  0.5 in.
 8.75 in.

bo  4 20 in.  8.75 in.

 115 in.
 Example 2
The punch out shear at center column is
    
2

Vu   0.322 k/ft   24 ft  20 ft   28.75 in.
2    1 ft   
    
   12 in.   
 
 152.7 k

Vc   4 f c bo d 

 0.85 4 4000 115 in. 8.75 in. 
 214.4 k  Vu OK.
 Example 2
The punch out shear at panel is
d  8 in.  0.75 in.  0.5 in.
 6.75 in.
  12 in.  
bo  2 8 ft.   6.75 in.
   
  1 ft.  
  12 in.  
 2 7 ft.   6.75 in.
   
  1 ft.  
 387 in.
 Example 2
The punch out shear at panel is
       
Vu   0.322 k/ft   24 ft  20 ft   102.75 in.
2 1 ft   90.75 in. 1 ft 
      
   12 in.    12 in.   
 133.7 k

Vc   4 f c bo d 

 0.85 4 4000  387 in. 6.75 in. 
 561.7 k  Vu OK.

One way shear is not critical.

 Example 2
Moment Mo for the two directions are:

Long
Mo 
 0.322 k/ft 2  20 ft   22.33 ft 
2
 401.4 k - ft
direction 8

Short
Mo 
 0.322 k/ft 2  24 ft  18.33 ft 
2
 324.6 k - ft
direction 8
 Example 2
The column strip will be 10 ft. (20 ft /4 = 5ft),
therefore the middle strips for long section is 10 ft and
the middle strip for the short section will be 14 ft.

The average d for d  10 in.  1.5 in.

the panel section  8.5 in.

The average d for

d  8 in.  1.5 in.
the slab section  6.5 in.
 Example 2
The factored
components of the
moment for the beam
(long) is similar to an
interior beam.

Negative - Moment 0.65 401.4 k - ft   260.9 k - ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 401.4 k - ft   140.5 k - ft
 Example 2
Components on the beam (long) interior.

Column Strip
Negative - Moment 0.75 260.9 k - ft   195.7 k - ft
Positive + Moment 0.60140.5 k - ft   84.3 k - ft
 Example 2
Components on the beam (long) interior.

Middle Strip
Negative - Moment 0.25 260.9 k - ft   65.2 k - ft
Positive + Moment 0.40140.5 k - ft   56.2 k - ft
 Example 2
Computing the reinforcement uses:

Mu
Ru 
bd 2
1.7 * R u
R u    w f c 1  0.59 w   w2  1.70 w  0
 fc

 1.7 * R 
1.70  1.7   4 u 
2
 
  f c  f y wf c
w w 
2 fc fy
 Example 2
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 195.7 k-ft
 12 in. 
195.7 k - ft  
Mu  
Ru    1 ft   0.271 ksi
bd 2
120 in. 8.5 in. 2

1.7 * 0.271 ksi

w  170 w 
2
0
0.9 4 ksi 
 Example 2
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =7.9 in.
and Mu = 216.1 k-ft

1.70  1.7  2
 4 0.1279
w  0.0789
2
wf c 0.0789 4 ksi 
   0.00526
fy 60 ksi
 Example 2
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and h = 10 in.

As  bd  0.00526120 in. 8.5 in.  5.37 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.0018120 in.10 in.  2.16 in 2

 Example 2
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and As = 5.37 in2. Use
a #5 bar (Ab = 0.31 in2 )
As 5.37 in 2
# bars   17.3  Use 18 bars
2
Ab 0.31 in
120 in. Maximum spacing is 2(h)
s  6.67 in.
or 18 in.
18
So 6.67in < 18 in. OK
 Example 2
The long direction
Column Strip Middle Strip

Negative Positive Negative Positive

Moment ( k-ft) 195.7 84.3 65.2 56.2
b ( in.) 120 120 120 120
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Ru (ksi) 0.272 0.199 0.152 0.133

r 0.0053 0.0038 0.0029 0.0025

As (in2) 5.37 2.95 2.26 1.95
As(min) (in2) 2.16 2.16 1.73 1.73
Bars 24 ( # 5 ) 15 ( #4 ) 12 ( # 4 ) 12 ( # 4 )
spacing (in) 6 12 10 10
 Example 2
The short direction