OBJECTIVES

AT THE END OF THIS LESSON,

YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:.
IDENTIFY AN EXPOSITORY OR
INFORMATIVE SPEECH,
DISTINGUISH THE TYPES OF
INFORMATIVE SPEECHES, AND
SHOW THE QUALITIES OF A
GOOD INFORMATIVE SPEAKER.
Have you ever given an oral
report about an assigned topic
in class before? What was it
about? How did you prepare
for it?
What techniques or strategies
did you use to deliver your
oral report effectively?
 Video presentation!!!
 Public communication involves a single
speaker and an audience. The speaker is
tasked to deliver a message or a speech of
general interest to the audience.
 Speeches can be classified according
to purpose and delivery. According to
purpose, speeches can
be informative, persuasive, or entertaining.
 This lesson focuses on the expository or
informative speech. (Note: The other types
of speech according to purpose and delivery
will be discussed in the succeeding lessons.)
Informative/Expository
Speech
- provides the audience
with a clear understanding of
the concept or idea
presented by the speaker.
Expository or Informative Speech

As a student, you engage in various

speech activities in school. In class
you give an oral report, explain a
concept, tell a news story, and
describe or demonstrate a process,
among others. In each of these
activities, your purpose is to inform
the audience.
 An expository or informative speech aims to provide
the audience with information about a topic or to
expand their knowledge about a topic with which they
are already familiar. Some situations that call for an
informative speech are the following:
 A science teacher discussing how a typhoon forms with
her students
 A pharmaceutical sales representative describing the
uses and side effects of a drug
 A production manager instructing factory workers on
how to operate a machine
 A fitness trainer demonstrating different exercises to
reduce belly fat
 A news anchor reading a news story about a fire incident
Not only does an informative speech
provide the audience with knowledge,
but it also shapes its perception. With
the new information, the audience may
view something (e.g., concept, belief,
experience) differently. Additionally, it
allows the audience to understand a
situation, issue, or problem and helps
them to think critically and make sound
judgments and decisions.
TYPES OF INFORMATIVE SPEECHES
 Description speech
 – This provides a vivid picture of a person, a
place, an object, or an event. It creates a clear
picture of a subject in the minds of the
audience using sensory details (i.e., sight,
sound, smell, touch, and taste). Examples of
speech topics for a descriptive speech are
describing the person who influenced you the
most, the symptoms of a rare genetic disorder
like progeria, and the magnificence of the
Northern Lights.
Definition speech – This explains a
concept, term, or an abstract topic
(e.g., idea, principle, philosophy). It tells
the audience what something is using
facts, the etymology of the concept or
word, classification, examples, or other
details. Examples of speech topics for a
definition speech are explaining the
effects of global warming, the concept
of realism, and the term net cash
flow in business.
 Demonstration speech – This presents
information about how to do something
or how something is done. It gives the
audience detailed information of a certain
process in order to achieve a particular
task or information about how something
happens. Examples of speech topics for a
demonstration speech are explaining how
to operate a vote-counting machine, how
toothpaste is made, and how to apply for
a student loan.
 From the disaster to the movie, the sinking of the Titanic
remains one of the most famous tragedies in history. The
Titanic was thought to be the largest, safest, most
luxurious ship ever built. At the time of her launch, she
was the biggest existing ship and the largest moveable
object ever built. According to Geoff Tibbals, in his 1997
book The Titanic: The extraordinary story of the
“unsinkable” ship, the Titanic was 882 feet long and
weighed about 46 000 tons. This was 100 feet longer
and 15 000 tons heavier than the world’s current largest
ships. Thresh stated in Titanic: The truth behind the
disaster, published in 1992 that the Titanic
accommodated around 2345 passengers and 860 crew-
members.
 The given example is an informative
speech about one of the most famous
ships in history, the Titanic. The speaker
gave concrete details about the Titanic by
appealing to the sense of sight (e.g., “the
Titanic was 882 feet long and weighed
about 46 000 tons. This was 100 feet
longer and 15 000 tons heavier than the
world’s current largest ships.”) The
complete speech gives information on
why the sinking of the Titanic remains one
of the most famous tragedies in history.
Qualities of a Good
Informative Speaker
Whether you are giving a
descriptive, definition, or
demonstration speech, you
should have the following
characteristics:
 Be credible. The audience is more likely to
listen to you if it sees that you are fully
prepared and qualified to speak about the
topic. Otherwise, you would not be able to
hold the interest of the audience members if
they know that you do not have expertise on
the subject. Also, the audience would lose
interest if it sees that you cannot identify
with it or that you give the impression that
you are being untruthful. To build credibility,
present valid arguments and sound
reasoning, relate with the audience, and be
honest.
 Be accurate and knowledgeable. You need to
show the audience that you are well-informed
and that you know what you are talking about. A
good informative speaker presents accurate
information that is up-to-date, reliable, and
unbiased.
 Be clear. You must clearly convey the
information to avoid misinterpretation and
confusion among the audience. To ensure the
clarity of your speech, use simple words and
straightforward sentences, define unfamiliar
concepts, and choose an organizational pattern
(e.g., chronological, spatial, cause-effect) that
will clearly present the information.
Be memorable. Make a long-
lasting impact on the audience by
being memorable. Show
enthusiasm, creativity, and
sincerity. It is also essential that
you build rapport with the
audience. Engage them by sharing
a personal experience, asking a
provocative question, and telling a
humorous story, among others.
 An expository or informative speech aims to provide
the audience with information about a topic or to
expand their knowledge about a topic with which they
are already familiar. The three types of informative
speeches are description, definition, and demonstration.
 A description speech provides a vivid picture of a
person, a place, an object, or an event.
 A definition speech explains a concept, a term, or an
abstract topic.
 A demonstration speech presents information about
how to do something or how something is done.
 To be a good informative speaker, you must be credible,
accurate and knowledgeable, clear, and memorable.
PERSUASIVE
 OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, you should

be able to:
recognize a persuasive speech,
identify the different modes of
persuasion, and
follow given guidelines to deliver a
persuasive speech effectively.
 Sign the Petition Now!
 Something must be done about the unmarked intersection at
Ubaldo Street and Aguinaldo Street for three reasons. First,
it is located in an area where children sometimes run into
the streets. Since most of the residents in the area are
informal settlers, some small children run around or cross
the streets unaccompanied. Second, it is used heavily by
drivers to get to the main highway. Because drivers know
that there is no traffic light or stop sign there, they speed
down the streets. Finally, students and employees make the
intersection especially busy during rush hours. They cross
that intersection at least twice a day. With speeding vehicles,
the dangerous intersection is a constant threat to people like
them. Today, I urge you to sign this petition to install a
traffic light and a pedestrian crossing at this intersection to
ensure public safety. Grab a pen and sign now!
 A persuasive speech aims to influence the
audience to accept the speaker’s position
or stand on an issue. The speaker attempts
to convince the audience members to
adopt his or her way of thinking or change
the way they think about things. Also, a
persuasive speech is designed to urge the
audience to take a particular action. A
speaker seeks to persuade the audience to
start doing the action now. Sales pitches,
political campaign talks, business
presentations, and debates are forms of
persuasive speech.
Modes of Persuasion
Persuasion is best achieved using
rhetorical appeals. In his
book Rhetoric, the Greek
philosopher Aristotle classified
three rhetorical appeals or modes
of persuasion. According to him,
a persuasive speech must have the
following elements to persuade an
audience:
Ethos -
This is an appeal to the speaker’s
credibility or authority as perceived by the
audience. Before a speaker can convince an
audience to accept his or her views, he or she
must appear credible. He or she should sound
reliable, competent, and trustworthy. To build
credibility, the persuasive speaker needs to
gain the respect of the audience and must be
able to let the audience see that he or she is
of good character, generally trustworthy, and
an authority to speak on the topic.
Pathos -
This is an appeal to the audience’s emotion.
The goal is to provoke an emotional response
from the audience or to let the audience feel a
particular emotion (e.g., love, fear, anger, pity,
sympathy) in response to what the speaker said.
Using words and visuals that evoke feelings
and telling a personal story are some ways to
make an emotional appeal. An advertisement
about a beauty product, for instance, attempts
to make the audience feel insecure or
unattractive, so they will be influenced to buy
the product.
 Logos -

This is an appeal to logic or reason. The

speaker has to present a
valid argument or claim, which is a statement
that an audience is urged to accept. To develop
a logical argument, a speaker needs to provide
proof or strong evidence (e.g., facts, case
studies, statistics) in support of that argument.
To be successful, the speaker has to show the
audience why his or her argument is rationally
sound. He or she can use analogy or inductive
or deductive reasoning, draw cause-and-effect
relationships, and make inferences.
 The given example is an advertisement of
a construction company that seeks to
convince the audience to avail of their
construction services. It begins with a
thought-provoking question that gets the
audience thinking about their own homes.
It appeals to the audience’s emotion (i.e.,
whether they are happy or not with their
homes). The succeeding paragraphs
contain information that builds the
credibility of the company and present
reasons as to why the company can deliver
the best construction services.
Guidelines in Delivering a
Persuasive Speech
A successful persuasive speech
requires much preparation. To be
an effective persuasive speaker,
keep the following guidelines in
mind:
1. Determine your goal.
The first step in preparing
for a persuasive speech is to
know exactly what you want to
achieve. Is your goal to change
the audience’s particular way of
thinking? What do you want
them to do or think about?
. Know your audience.
2

Know who your listeners are.

Consider what topic will interest your
audience and what the audience will
gain from your speech. Also, determine
their needs, level of knowledge, and
attitudes. You can ask yourself the
following: Are they neutral, or are they
seeking change? Will they most likely
oppose or support you?
3 . Organize the information.

Like any speech, a persuasive

speech has three essential parts:
introduction, body, and conclusion.
Each part needs to have a clear topic
sentence supported by details. Use an
organizational pattern (e.g., problem-
solution, cause-effect) that best suits
your topic and purpose.
Provide strong evidence.

Determine the points you

want to make and provide
strong and sufficient evidence
to support each point. Use
reputable and reliable sources
of information.
Practice your speech.
Stand in front of a mirror or
record yourself, and then identify
areas that need improvement. Also,
you can have a friend or a family
member listen to you and ask him
or her for feedback. When
delivering the speech, take note of
the following:
Make eye contact with the
audience.
Speak clearly and confidently.
Use appropriate body language
(e.g., standing straight), gestures
(e.g., an open palm when making
a point), and facial expressions
(e.g., showing a relaxed smile).
Project your voice effectively.