HOUSING URBAN DEVELOPMENT WATER SUPPLY AND CIVIC AMENITIES

 The Eighth plan period ended in 1997. Implementation of the Ninth plan OBJECTIVES
was to begin from the same year.
 But a series of political crises in the country delayed the formulation and Development of Accelerated Democratic
Development and Promoting
approval of the plan by two years. The National Development Council urban areas as development of
upgradation of urban Efficient and affordable decentralisation
economically housing, particularly for Alleviation of urban accessibility and Improvement of
infrastructure services poverty and affordability of the mass urban Promoting private and
finally approved the plan in February 1999. Though delayed by two years efficient, socially the low-income groups
to meet the needs of a unemployment poor to housing and transportation systems urban environment sector participation strengthening of
equitable and and other in metropolitan cities
in approval, the plan was to run its period through to 2002. environmentally disadvantaged groups
growing population basic services municipal
sustainable entities governance

 The rate of growth of GDP NINTH PLAN - STRATEGIES

during the ninth plan
FOCUS

GOAL

HOUSING SHORTAGE
INCENTIVES
HOUSING NORMS

GOVT. ROLE

GOVT. ROLE
Focus on Minimum Governme There will A package Governme Since ratio

INITIATIVES
LAND MARKET REFORM

UPGRADATION AND RENEWAL

Will be Legislative Apart from strengthening the Specific

REPEAL ULCRA, 1976

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dropped to 5.3 percent from househol housing nt will, as be of nt has set of housing undertak provisions like the new linkages and inter- initiative
6.7 percent during the ds at the adequacy a provision incentives the goal to shortage en Urban Land constructio dependency s to
Eighth plan. This was against lower norms will facilitator , for more and provide between through Ceiling and n, the Ninth between shelter promote
the target of 6.5 percent. end of be evolved create an direct concession housing for rural and restructu Regulation Act Plan and income and
The main reason for this the including environme interventi s to attract all and urban ring (ULCRA) 1976, agenda will upgradation. Ninth adopt in
housing per capita nt in which on by the private towards areas is legal, whose basic take up the Plan will support human
slow-down in growth rate
market,, living access to Governme sectors this end it 65:35 as planning objective is to massive the use of settlem
were - The Asian crisis in such as space, all the nt in the would be proposes per the and fiscal make land task of composite credit ents
1997 and slowdown in the eg. structural requisite case of introduced to NBO provision available to all upgradatio instrument, program
world economy, coupled People durability, inputs will lower to facilitate statistics s. income segments n and modify land-use s
with poor performance of below access to be in time, segments shoulder the (1991 A work in the urban renewal of patterns and city energy-
agriculture during 1997- poverty drinking in of the the task of constructi census), agenda agglomeration, old and master plans and saving,
2000. line , water with adequate housing housing for on of 20 out of 20 to has in practice, dilapidated strengthen the eco-
 Some other development SC/ST, minimum quantum market the poor. lakh lakh impleme led to distortions housing linkages between friendly
during the ninth plan, such disabled, quantitativ and an and additional additional nt them in the land market stock the farm and the and
freed e and appropriat selected housing houses 13 will be operation. The non-farm sector in environ
as cyclone in Orissa(1999),
bonded qualitative e quality disadvanta units lakh will taken up. Cabinet has since the rural and semi- ment-
Kargil war(1999), laborer's, norms, and ged annually. be in the taken a decision urban areas. friendly
searthquake in slum sanitation standards groups. rural areas to repeal ULCRA technol
Gujarat(2001), etc. also dwellers facilities and 7 lakh ogies
resulted in diversion of and and will be in and
resources from investment women connectivi the urban building
and consequent decline in headed ty. areas. material
the growth rates househol s
ds.

HOUSING – PERFORMANCE REVIEW

SCHEME OF NIGHT SHELTERS TO RECONSTRUCTION OF FLOODS-
INCOME CEILING LEVELS BUILDING CENTRES INDIRA AWAS YOJANA
FOOTPATH DWELLERS DAMAGED HOUSES
 For EWS, the income  Its genesis can be traced to the rural employment
 A national network of Nirmithi Kendras  To provides night shelter and sanitation  Under the one-time scheme of
ceiling was raised from Rs. programmes like the National Rural Employment
(Building Centres) has been established facilities to footpath dwellers. Central Assistance for
700 in the Seventh Plan to Programme (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment
with Central assistance through  The per capita development cost provided reconstruction of floods-damaged
Guarantee Programme (RLEGP).
Rs. 1250 in the Eighth
HUDCO under a Central scheme. for this is Rs.5000, 20 percent of which is houses in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Plan.  In June, 1985, a specific proportion of RLEGP funds was
 The total Central grant has been financed by Central Government and 80 per and Kerala, HUDCO has sanctioned
 The income eligibility level earmarked for construction of houses for SCs/STs and
Rs.5.75 crore and the output of training cent from implementing agencies or a construction of 77,969 houses till
of LIG, which was Rs.701- freed bonded labour.
exceeds 75,000 construction workers HUDCO loan. the end of December, 1996, of
1500 in the Seventh Plan,  Later in April, 1989, the NREP and RLEGP were merged
till 31st Dec 1996.  The total number of beneficiaries under this which 20,318 houses have been
into the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)
was raised to Rs.1251-
 The ultimate impact on the scheme is expected to be about 60,000, but reconstructed. The funding pattern
2650 in the Eighth Plan.  Upto 1992-93, the IAY was continued as a part of the
contribution of these trained workers the feedback regarding its impact in terms provides for 30 percent Central
 There is a need to further JRY1993-94 - The proportion of free housing units was
to new housing stock, including of actual users, coverage of the footpath subsidy, 30 percent State subsidy
revise the ceilings and raised to 10 percent and the scope was extended to
upgradation and renewal, has not dweller population and their satisfaction and 40 percent HUDCO loan.
norms, which would be cover non-SC/ST rural poor, subject to the condition
been made and will form a part of the level is not available and this task will be  This shortage will be taken up in
taken up in the Ninth that the non-SC/ST beneficiaries should not receive
Ninth Plan agenda. taken up in the Ninth Plan. the Ninth Plan.
Plan. more than 40 percent of the total allocation.
SCHOOL OF PLANNING
Nidhi Jain
NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002) Shruti Gandhi
AND ARCHITECTURE,
NEW DELHI
 HOUSING URBAN DEVELOPMENT WATER SUPPLY AND CIVIC AMENITIES
QUANTITATIVE RURAL HOUSING SHORTAGE (In Millions)
 The Eighth plan period ended in 1997. Implementation of the Ninth plan Integrating the financing of rural and urban housing within a single organisation might not necessarily be in the interest of the rural
Total
wasrural housing
to begin shortage
from (1991
the same year.census) 13.72 Million
housing sector.
 But a series of political crises in the country delayed
(=3.41 the
million households
formulation andwithout shelter
approval of the plan by two years. The National + 10.31 million households
Development Councilliving in Rural housing finance requires a different type of approach, more development-oriented than a purely financial approach. Rural
`Kutcha unserviceable’ houses) housing finance might have to take into account the financing of habitat-related services and in the case of housing in poorly
finally approved the plan in February 1999. Though delayed by two years
in approval, the plan was to run its period through toMillion
2002. connected areas, also economic activities
Additional housing required (Population growth 10.75
during 1991-2002)
Kutcha housing units should be eligible for institutional finance and there must be a high level of flexibility in the repayment

Additional houses provided through on-going 5.7 Million
programmes of IAY, State Governments, HUDCO
and self-help system (Between 1990-91 and
1996-97)
Net housing shortage between 1997 and 2002
QUALITATIVE RURAL HOUSING
Households living in one-room units with
pre-dominant roofing materials used is grass,
straw or thatch (1991 Census)
FINANCE
schedule, linked more to seasonality of income flows than to the conventional monthly repayment programme
There is also the problem of ownership of land as in some parts of the country, particularly in tribal societies, land is owned by the
community rather than on an individual basis
18.77 Million
The Ninth Plan would examine the feasibility of special integrated rural human settlements finance and development institution, as
SHORTAGE (In Million)
well as specific programmes like the IAY that would look into the financing and development of upgradation activitiesThe Ninth Plan
45.696 Million (40.8% of 112 Million) would examine the feasibility of special integrated rural human settlements finance and development institution, as well as specific
programmes like the IAY that would look into the financing and development of upgradation activities

MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION SPECIAL ACTION PLAN

DEPT. OF RURAL EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN Some specific areas from within the broad
THE MINISTRY OF RURAL AREAS AND EMPLOYMENT objectives of the Plan as laid down by the National
DISTRICT
LEVEL Development Council have been selected for
 responsible for release of Central share of funds, overall guidance,
special focus. For these areas, Special Action Plans
policy-making, monitoring and evaluation of the rural housing PROJECT
(SAPs) have been evolved in order to provide
DISTRICT LEVEL
programme at the National level. actionable, time-bound targets with adequate
LEVEL
 The programme is continuously monitored on the basis of:
resources.
• The monthly reports received from the States/Uts
• Senior Officers of the rank of Deputy Secretary and above in the VILLAGE DISTRICT
Ministry are appointed as Area Officers for different States/UTs. LEVEL
LEVEL
These Area Officers visit the allotted States/UTs from time to time STATE Health care
and inspect among other programmes the actual implementation LEVEL

of the rural housing programme in the field SPECIAL ACTION PLAN – URBAN HOUSING
TARGET 7 lakh units for urban areas
STATE LEVEL COORDINATION COMMITTEE (SLCC) Education
INVESTMENT Based on the average cost of EWS and LIG housing units of Rs. 35000 and Rs. 1 lakh

SPECIAL ACTION PLANS

 The State Level Coordination Committee (SLCC) meetings provides
an effective link between the policy makers (Government of India)
and the implementing agencies (State/UT Governments).
 The programmes are also reviewed at the meetings with the State
FUNDING
Secretaries of Rural Development and with the Project Directors of
DRDAs in the Workshops which are held annually.
STRATEGIES
PROGRAMME EVALUATION ORGANISATION (PEO)
 The Programme Evaluation Organisation (PEO) of the Planning
Commission also periodically evaluates programmes in the rural
development sector.
respectively the investment requirement for 7 lakh new units would be of the order of
around Rs. 4000 crores
Investment expected from the institutional financing bodies would be of the order of Rs.
2800 crores
Housing (urban and rural)
Institutional finance - 70%
Subsidy from central/state govt. & partly as beneficiary contribution – 30%
The banking sector would need to be directed to make available more funds for housing,
both by expanding the percentage of incremental deposits as well as earmarking Water supply
dedicated funds under the priority sector especially for EWS/LIG housing
Fiscal incentives under the Income Tax Act for housing initiatives need to be provided.
Further assistance under I.T.Act to the HFIs should be continued.
Tax concession under Wealth Tax may be provided for promoting rental housing scheme.
Amendments to the NHB Act need to be expedited for early foreclosure procedures.
A package of incentives and concessions is needed to attract the private sector Sanitation (urban and rural)

SCHOOL OF PLANNING
Nidhi Jain
NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002) Shruti Gandhi
AND ARCHITECTURE,
NEW DELHI
 SPECIAL ACTION PLAN
YEAR Houses to be constructed under Additional houses to be Total houses to be SCHEMES 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- PHYSICAL TARGETS – URBAN ANNUALLY (In Lakhs) Between 1997-2002 (In Lakhs)
IAY & other schemes with central constructed under other constructed 98 99 2000 01 02
contribution housing schemes, including Formal sector financial 4.9 lakh 24.5 lakh
BMS institutions (=2.33 lakh HUDCO +
IAY (Main) 7 10.87 12.99 12.62 12.62 2.57 lakh Other
1997-98 7 5.3 12.3 Financial Institutions)
1998-99 13.28 7.5 20.78
1999-2000 17.83 7.5 25.33 CCS - 0.6 1.2 1.8 1.8 Beneficiary contribution/ 2.1 lakh 10.5
subsidy
2000-01 18.06 7.5 25.56 ISRHHD - .01 0.04 0.04 0.04
2001-02 18.06 7.5 25.56 Total 7 lakh 35 lakh
HUDCO - 1.8 3.6 3.6 3.6
Total 74.23 35.3 109.53
Sub-total 7 13.28 17.83 18.06 18.06
YEAR NEW UPGRADATION TOTAL PHYSICAL TARGETS - RURAL ANNUALLY (In Lakhs) Between 1997-2002 (In Lakhs)
1997-98 12.3 - 12.3 D.U.s through various housing 12.3 lakh 61.5
1998-99 17.05 3.73 20.78 Other housing 5.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 schemes
schemes/State
1999-2000 20.87 4.46 25.33 govt. effort/BMS D.U.s through Additional 1.7 lakh 6.8
2000-01 21.13 4.43 25.56 Central Assistance (ACA) for
2001-02 21.13 4.43 25.56 BMS
Grand Total 12.3 20.78 25.33 25.56 25.56
Total 92.48 17.05 109.53 Total 14 lakh 68.3 lakh

MODIFICATIONS IN HOUSING SCHEMES

For construction of new Greater equity The Housing is one of the
COOPERATIVE HOUSING
HUDCO

Proposed to be

ISRHHD
NATIONAL HOUSING BANK (NHB)
For construction of to cover people upto To finance 1

INDIRA AWAS YOJANA (IAY)

CREDIT –CUM-SUBSIDY SCHEME

NATIONAL HOUSING BANK (NHB)

houses free of cost for the participation to cooperative seven components new houses free of twice the income level launched as a lakh housing
target group below the HUDCO for housing identified under the cost for the target of the Below Poverty sub scheme of units under the
poverty line comprising construction of movement has BMS to provide group below the Line families. IAY on a pilot Swarna Jayanti
SCs/STs, freed bonded additional also housing to the shelter poverty line project basis for Housing Finance
labourers and also non- houses in rural contributed to less poor in a time It is proposed that 50%
comprising SCs/STs, of the assistance would the BPL poor; to Scheme.  its
SCs/STs families to areas. the housing bound manner.  It is freed bonded encourage the coverage
continue. In addition, a sector by assumed that from be in the form of
labourers and also subsidy and 50% as use of cost extending to the
new component for constructing the ACA provided to non-SCs/STs families effective, rural areas and
upgradation of kutcha and 7.00 lakh units the States for BMS, at loan but within the IAY
to continue. In cost norms (presently environment to small towns
unserviceable houses is in the rural least 1.70 lakh addition, a new friendly, having a
being introduced. Hence areas. It is additional housing Rs.20,000 for the plain
component for areas and Rs.22,000 for scientifically population upto
in its modified form it is expected to units would be upgradation of kutcha tested and 50,000
proposed to implement improve its constructed annually the hilly/difficult area).
and unserviceable The loan portion would appropriate
the IAY in two performance under BMS in the houses is being indigenous and
components namely, in the ensuing rural areas. Further, it be provided by
introduced. Hence in financial institutions, modern designs,
(a) construction of new years of the is projected that its modified form it is technologies and
houses (at an average Ninth Five Year outside IAY 5.80 lakh commercial banks,
proposed to housing boards, etc. materials
weighted cost of Plan period. housing units will be implement the IAY in
Rs.20,900) and constructed by and the refinance
two components facility will be provided
(b) upgradation of kutcha various financial namely,
and unserviceable institutions like from HUDCO, National
(a) construction of Housing Bank etc. The
houses (at a unit cost of NHB/Commercial new houses (at an
Rs.10,000). Banks and State funding of the subsidy
average weighted cost portion would be
Governments rural of Rs.20,900) and
housing programmes. shared in the ratio of
(b) upgradation of 80:20 between the
It is therefore kutcha and
estimated that 7.50 Centre and the States. 
unserviceable
lakh additional units houses (at a unit cost
would be constructed of Rs.10,000).
annually outside IAY
by various housing
agencies.

SCHOOL OF PLANNING
Nidhi Jain
NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002) Shruti Gandhi
AND ARCHITECTURE,
NEW DELHI