Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Griffith Cracks
i Rocks have mechanical inhomogeneities/discontinuities e.g.:
i Flaws, fossils, inclusions, cavities, grain boundaries,
and microcracks
i Facts:
1. Failures in high strength material commonly
occur under low stress
a. Brittle solid materials are much weaker (i.e., have
lower fracture strength) under tension than under
compression
Vicro-Flaws - Facts«
x. ×he fracture strength, which is an inherent
property for an ideal, continuous brittle solid,
and represents the critical stress needed to
fracture,
i ×
i Load the crack with a far remote tensile stress within the
plate (r), normal to c
i Inglis showed that stress, C, at the tip of the crack, varies
with the length and radius of curvature
( b2/c) at the apices of the crack, and is proportional to
the square root of length (c), and inversely proportional to
the of the crack
xperiment«
i ×he highest tensile stress at the end of crack is
CG r (1+ 2 c/b)
i C is approximated by:
CG 2r (c/ )1/2
i ote: C depends on shape (i.e., aspect ratio) and not on
the size of the elliptical cavity