GRUP 1 :

I Gde Arya Utama Wicaksana 1707531049

MARCHALL TONDI SAULUS PUTRA 1707531037

I Putu Laksmana Narayana 1707531060 I Made Surya Kusuma Arta 1707531122

 TYPE OF
RESEARCH

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 BASIC/ PURE
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
BASED ON
PURPOSE APPLIED
RESEARCH

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 BASIC RESEARCH
Basic research is usually
done to test the truth of a
particular theory, or find out
certain concepts in depth.
APPLIED RESEARCH
Applied research is
research that involves the
application of theory to
solve certain problems.

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 APPLIED RESERACH

Research
Evaluation Action
and
Research Research
Development

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 RESEARCH ACCORDING
TO METHOD
Descriptive
Reserch
Historical CorrelationalResear
Research ch

Comparative Experimental
Causal Research Research

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 Historical Descriptive
Research Research
Historical research is a
Descriptive research is research
research activity that is
that includes collecting data to
focused on investigating,
test hypotheses or answer
understanding, and
questions about the final status
explaining past
of research subjects.
circumstances.

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 Correlational
Research
Correlational research is
research that seeks to
determine whether there is
a relationship between two
or more variables, and how
far the correlation exists
between the variables that
have been studied.
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Comparative Causal
Research
Comparative Causal Research is
research directed to investigate
cause-effect relationships based
on observations of the effects
that occur and look for factors
that cause through the data
collected.
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 Experimental Research

Experimental research is a systematic method for building

relationships that contain causal phenomena. Experimental
research is the core method of a research model that uses a
quantitative approach.

Controlling Manipulating
Observation
activities activities

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 Research According to
Their Exploration Level

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 Comparative Comparative
research Associative
Research
Descriptive
research
Structual
Associative Research
research
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 Descriptive research Comparative research

Descriptive research is Comparative research is

research conducted to a comparative study.
determine the value of an Here the variable is still
independent variable, either the same as the
one or more variables independent variable but
(independent) without
for more than one
making comparisons, or
connecting with other sample, or at different
variables. times.

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 Associative research Comparative-Associative
research
Comparative-Associative
Associative research is
Research is research that aims to
research that aims to
describe and test the hypothesis of
determine the effect or
a correlation comparison between
also the relationship
two or more variables in different
between two or more
samples or populations
variables.

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 Structual
Research
Structural Research is research that intends to
describe relationships and test hypotheses that
are structural. Structural relationship is the
relationship between the independent variable
and the dependent variable where there are
intervening variables between the two variables

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 Research by Data Type and Analysis

a. Quantitative Research Methods, often called the traditional method. This method based on
positivist philosophy. Used for examine populations or specific samples, collecting data using
research instruments, analyzing quantitative/statistical data.

b. Qualitative Research Methods, was named a new method in 1990s. This method based on the
philosophy of postpositivism, used to examine natural conditions of objects.

c. Combined Research Methods, based on the nature of pragmatism and is a combination of

positivism and postpositivism. Used to examine natural or artificial objects conditions
(laboratory).

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 Types of Research Data

Research was conducted to

obtain data. Research data
can be used in policy making

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 Research and Decision Making
Decision Making is very important in modern company organizations. Decision in Business activities
vary widely. Decision making in companies can be classified into three types.

a. Strategic Decisions, are decisions that determine the direction of the company’s activities in the
long run. External information is needed in this decision.

b. Tactical Decisions, are decision that oriented towards short-term operational activities. At this
level, Planning and control play a major role.

c. Technical Decisions, are decisions for daily routine activities, related to controls for certain
activities. The information needed for this decision is historical and descriptive data from the
activities that have just been carried out

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 The decisions making process is a series of interrelated activities, and
includes several stages :

a. Discovery and Formulation of Problems

b. Model Selection

c. Collecting Data

d. Data Analysis

e. Evaluating Alternative

f. Decision Making
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 PROBLEM HOW
IDENTIFICATIO IMPORTANT IS
UnaradjanN(2019), Identification of IT?research problems is
Identifying
problems generally detects, tracks, important, because subsequent
explains aspects of problems that arise research sequences, such as
and are related to the title of the study or research objectives and hypotheses,
are very dependent on this stage.
to the research variables.

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 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
A problem or issue from research can be as follows along with examples of issues
from several studies:

• Problems that occur that need a repair
solution.
Example: Application of a balance score card to
reduce customer complaints
• Testing or verification of an existing theory of the
phenomenon that will be explained.
Example: Dividends as a mechanism for transferring
monitoring costs from shareholders to banks (testing
agency theory)

• Opportunities or opportunities that will be • The discovery of a new theory of a phenomenon.

captured. Example: Moderation variables that affect budget
Example: Increasing employee morale to participation on company performance.
improve their performance
 PROBLEM SELECTION

What does it function?

Research is more directed, focused, and does not deviate
outside the research topic.

Problem limitation, includes at least 1) The location and

object of research and 2) Variables or research focus.
 PROBLEM HOW THE
FORMULATION CHARACTERISTICS
?
What is it? Generally shows the variables that attract
researchers and descriptive relationships, where
The context of research, the reasons the problem is simply expressed in a question
that must be answered.
why research is needed, and the
instructions that direct the research Develop definitions of all relevant variables, both
objectives. directly and operationally. Based on the
terminology to ensure the understanding of
researchers and other parties related to research.

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 LITERATURE PURPOSE?
REVIEW AND
HYPOTHESIS To see what has been done by
What is Literature Review? previous researchers on
Literature review is step includes the research problems.
identification, location, and analysis Avoiding duplication, Produce
of documents containing information further insights and views on
relating to the research problem research issues
systematically.
Better understanding, therefore
the preparation of the
hypothesis will be better
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 LITERATURE NULL VS
REVIEW AND ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS
What is Hypothesis? • The null hypothesis is tried to be
Sekaran (2016) states a hypothesis rejected and the alternative
can be defined as a tentative, yet hypothesis is tried to be accepted.
testable, statement, which predicts • The null hypothesis is a conjecture
what you expect to find in your stating the relationship between
empirical data. two variables is clear and there is
no difference between them, vice
versa.

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 NULL VS ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHESIS
Which are more often used in social
research?
• Alternative hypotheses are more used in social research such as in accounting.
• In social research many studies are needed that accept or do not accept
alternative hypotheses to infer the phenomenon.
• Hypothesis will become a theory if there are many research that has similar
contextual support the alternative hypothesis rather than refuse it.
• Because the goal is to accept or support a hypothesis, the majority of social
studies use an alternative hypothesis.

POPULATI
ON is Population?
What
Sekaran (2016) states the population
refers to the entire group of people,
events, or things of interest that the
researcher wishes to investigate.
SAMPLE
What is Sample?
Sample is a subset of the
population. It comprises some
members selected from it. In other
words, some, but not all, elements
of the population form the sample.

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 METHOD OF
COLLECTING DATA
PRIMARY DATA
PRINCIPAL
COLLECTION
METHODS
METHODS
What is it? What are principal methods?
Involve data collection from Four principal methods of primary
original sources for the specific data collection: interviews,
purpose of the study. observation, administering
questionnaires, and experiments.

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 METHOD OF
COLLECTING DATA
SECONDARY DATA
DATA SOURCE
COLLECTION
METHODS
What is it? From where the data sources?
Data gathered through existing Some secondary sources of data are
sources, that have been collected statistical bulletins, government
publications, published or unpublished
by others for another purpose than information available from either within or
the purpose of the current study. outside the organization, company
websites, and the Internet.

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 Data Analysis Plan

Data Editing
Data
Collectio Variable Development
n
Coding
Pre-Analysis
Mistakes Check Error Check
Verification

Creating Data Structure

Analysis Pre-Analysis of
Data Computer Check

Tabulation
 Research Report Writing

Organizing the

“
Writing Check
Report
Collecting Data and Check the Sentence
Material
Writing the First Grammar and
Choose Writing Spelling Revision
Format Concept Feasibility
Evaluation
Make Scheme
Evaluation of
Content
 Research Proposal

Research design or proposal is a guideline that contains systematic

steps that will be followed by researchers to conduct their research
(Sugiyono, 2013: 404)

The research proposal is divided into two, namely Quantitative and Qualitative
Research.
1. Quantitative research proposals are specific and standard, as well as proving, so
the problem must be clear.
2. The qualitative research proposal is more about finding and constructing
phenomena, so the research problem is temporary and will develop after Field
Research.
Research
Proposal
Structure
>
 PROPER AND LEGAL CITATION METHODS

Citation is an opinion quote or sentence taken from someone, whether in the form of
written or oral that aims to strengthen the argumentation in a paper. There are various
things that must be considered in writing a quote:
a. The author must consider that citation is needed
b. The author must take full responsibility for the accuracy of the quote
c. Authors must consider the type of quote, be it a direct quote or an indirect quote
d. Don't use too many direct quotes
 Direct Quotes

Direct quotes are written directly in the lines of the manuscript, which contains a short
reference address of the material referenced, namely: author's name, year of
publication, and page. For journal articles, mass media articles, or papers, page numbers
do not need to be included, example :

Berelson (1952:18) mendefinisikan analisis isi sebagai “teknik penelitian untuk

mendeskripsikan secara obyektif, sistematik dan kuatitatif isi komunikasi yang tampak,”.

Sedangkan para ahli yang lain menyatakan, analisis isi adalah sebuah teknik penelitian
untuk membuat inferensi-inferensi dengan mengidentifikasi secara sistematik dan
obyektif terhadap karakteristik-karakteristik khusus pada sebuah teks (stone et al.,
1966:5).
 Indirect Quotes

Indirect quotes are quotes that take the essence of the essence without reducing its true
meaning. Indirect quotes are quotes that take from a reference written by the authors of
scientific papers using their own language style based on their own understanding.
 Indirect Quotes

Example of using footnotes and if not using footnote :

Tombol navigasi merupakan tombol yang berfungsi untuk mempermudah pembaca dalam mencari
informasi yang dibutuhkan di dalam sebuah blog¹.
 
¹Wahyu Sya’ban, Build Your Blogger XML Template (Yogyakarta, Andi:2010), hlm 197.

Kelompok adalah sekumpulan manusia yang merupakan kesatuan dan memiliki identitas, dimana
identitas tersebut dapat berupa adat istiadat dan sistem norma yang mengatur pola interaksi
masyarakat manusia yang hidup di dalam masyarakat.
Selain itu pengertian kelompok menurut Homans (1950:76) mengatakan bahwa “kelompok
merupakan sejumlah individu yang berkomunikasi satu dengan lainnya dalam jangka waktu tertentu
yang jumlahnya tidak terlalu banyak, sehingga hal tersebut memberikan kesempatan bagi semua
anggota untuk berkomunikasi secara langsung”.
Guidelines for writing the synthesis set by the Faculty of
Economics and Business of Udayana University:

1. One source of citation with one author (Sumarsan, 2017: 50)

2. One citation source with two authors (Full and Kinasih, 2015: 25)
3. One source with more than two authors (Ariyani et al., 2016: 12) or (Howard et al., 2017:
42)
4. Two citation sources with different authors (Tuanakotta, 2011: 16; Agung, 2007: 21)
5. Two citation sources with the same author (Agung, 2017: 23, 2017: 19), if the publication
year is the same (Agung, 2017a: 15, 2017b: 26)
6. Sources of quotations that come from the work of an institution should mention the
acronym of the institution concerned, for example (IAI, 2017: 10)
7. Sources from journals, for example, Badan pengawas berperan penting dalam
peningkatkan kinerja LPD (Wahyudi dan Damayanthi, 2015).