Communication

 The term communication comes from the Latin word “commūnicāre”, which means
to communicate, publish, be in a relationship, correspond, make common, etc.
 Communications are a complex human activity that forms the basis of the human
actions, relationships between people, and the performance of any activity or process
in which he is involved, man. It is the basis of a group of people working together.
Without it, there is no common practice work, there is no complex action involving
different individuals.
 Communication is an activity that is important for all management functions. It can
be defined as a process in which information and understanding are transmitted from
one person to another. There is no communication if the transmitted information is
not received and understood. Therefore, communication involves sending, receiving,
and understanding. Its importance for the manager is obvious, given that a large part
of his time the manager spends precisely on communication.
 Communication is a
process of transmitting
messages between people,
who try to communicate
by including elements of
different nature:
 - Cognitive - are reflected
in the abilities of
perception, interpretation
of the message, provoking
emotions and reactions;
 - Semantic - they are used
in the use of spoken and
written language, terms
and jargon;
 - Symbolic - the use of
gestures, facial
expressions, body
movements, and clothing
style.
Communication is the process or flow
of conveying and understanding a
message. It consists of five elements:
 sender
 message
 medium
 recipient
 feedback
The process can be represented by a
model based on which all examples of
human communication can be
generalized:
 source
 coding
 channel
 decoding
 recipient
 feedback.
 Communication between people can be achieved in two ways, by conveying
sentence messages and messages without using words. This means that we have
verbal and non-verbal types of communication.
 Verbal communication 
 Verbal communication is realized in the exchange of information, exchange of
thoughts and ideas of participants, through words. It is realized with the help of
written and spoken words, ie written and oral. In practice, these two types of verbal
communication are intertwined. Their choice should be per the type of message. Oral
communications are sometimes considered ambiguous, and clarification is given in
written text. Verbal communication is an important part of managerial activities and
a sense of media choice must be possessed. If the organization is in a crisis phase,
the decision of the manager how to explain it to the workers is important.
 Nonverbal communication
 Communicating messages without the use of words, non-verbal symbols such as
smiles, looks, body movements, speech intonation or style of dress, often represents
speech that is clearer than words. A mild and calm tone has a different message that
is conveyed nervously with a strong emphasis on a word. The expression on the
speaker's face also conveys meaning. A smiling or frowning face sends different
messages. Facial expressions with appropriate intonation can show aggression,
arrogance, fear or shyness.
 Business communications
 The nature of the manager's job as an
"orchestra conductor" requires a large number
of communications, both in the organization
(internal) and with the environment (external).
 The "open door" approach is characteristic of
democratic managers, which makes them
more successful than others.
 Maintaining and developing communications
with "superiors" and "subordinates" opens the
possibility of learning about the characteristics
of the personality, which is of particular
importance when planning staff and allocating
roles and tasks to executors. The experiences
of managers show that communication on the
line manager-union-workers' organization is
realized to prevent conflict situations,
understanding problems, etc.
 Formal communications are official and normatively regulated forms of messages
between members of an organization, and by monitoring the configuration network,
we distinguish between centralized and decentralized communications. Formal
communication takes place within the organizational hierarchy, from higher to lower
levels, vice versa or only at one level. There are vertical and horizontal
communication.
 Vertical communication is the dominant form of communication between employees.
The basic function is to gather information for decision making, and within the
vertical hierarchy it takes place in two directions: from top to bottom, and vice versa,
from bottom to top. Communication upstairs provides the necessary feedback to
superiors and authorities on the execution of tasks, the situation and changes in the
organization.
 Horizontal communication is realized between individuals at the same organizational
level. Unlike the vertical, where people are in an unequal position, at the same
organizational level, people start from the same positions and have an equal
influence on decision-making. Horizontal communications are very important as
they improve coordination between group, department and service. Horizontal
communication, like the lateral flow of messages, goes out of the box strictly
hierarchical way of arranging communications. As a communication with a greater
degree of freedom in realization, it contributes to a more successful up-and-down
communication, and in that way makes the organization more homogeneous and
successful. Its presence contributes to the elimination of conflict situations, timely
communication and exchange of information.
 Employees in an organization connect with like-minded individuals and exchange
messages with each other that may or may not be job-related. Informal
communications have a dual function:
 Social, which is reflected in the rapprochement of employees, socializing, and
developing friendships.
 The function of spreading rumors that are inaccurate, unofficial, and difficult to
verify. 
 Informal information is spread according to the "grapevine" model. It is a network
that multiplies, intersects with each other, and intersects in several places.
 Communication tips
 1. Look your interlocutors in the eye long
enough,
 2. Observe the interlocutor and look for
instructions for further action,
 3. Make sure you understand the problem well,
 4. Make sure the other person understands
everything you said,
 5. Make sure the other person agrees with what
you plan to do.
 Levels and contexts of communication
 Communication is a process of exchanging
thoughts, feelings, and messages that
necessarily takes place whenever there is
interaction (interrelation, interaction).
Communication is part of the characteristics of
individual peoples or groups of people, so in
international relations, it is very important to
know the culture and tradition of the
interlocutor in order to be able to communicate
successfully. That is why communication is the
foundation of interpersonal relationships.
Levels of communication can be family
(communication between family members),
tribal (noble families that have customs and
standards of communication), emotional,
rational, etc. There is as much level of
communication as there are social levels. Every
communication depends on the context of the
communication.
 Barriers to effective communication
can stop or distort the message or
intent of the message being
transmitted. This can fail in the
communication process or cause an
unwanted effect. This includes
filtering, selective perception,
information overload, emotions,
language, silence, communication
fear, gender differences, and political
correctness.
 This also includes the absence of
“knowledge-appropriate”
communication, which occurs when
a person uses ambiguous or complex
legal terms, medical jargon, or
descriptions of a situation or
environment that the recipient does
not understand.
Thank you for your attention