ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

ROLE OF NGOS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ANIKET SACHAN
NGOs
 NGOs are Non-Governmental Organizations are usually
referred as organizations which are not part of
government though could be funded by the government.
 Register either as a Trust, Society or a private limited

nonprofit company, under Section 25 of the Indian

Companies Act, 2013. The organisation can also be
registered under The Societies Registration Act, 1860 as
trusts or societies.
 Change of role of NGOs
 Centre for Science and Environment, started in 1980 as

an organization focused on creating Public awareness on

Science , technology , Environment and development.
contd.
 Knowledge based environment activism.
 Consultancy to industrial houses and

corporates.
ROLE OF NGOs: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
 Participation in national environment al
movement. Passive and rarely violent.
 Specific motives
 Development in 1980s: 1)Broadening of

environmental laws in India 2) increasing

judicial activism PILs.
 Enactment of EPA 1986, amendment of Air

Act 1987 and Water Act 1988

TOOLS OF NGOs
 PIL
1. Tapas NGO in Delhi High Court led to the ban of Plastic
ban in the Delhi from January 2009
 RTI
1. Information on Laws and Government Regulations,
actions taken by the Government bodies with regards to
Environment aspect and others.
2. NGO run by Rohit Prajapati filed an RTI application with
Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA) on
their emergency chemical disaster Management plan.
2010. Through this process of RTI, it came to the
knowledge of public that there is no plan in place to
tackle these disasters.
NGOs-Environment-Judiciary
 Persistent incoherence in policy-making as
well as the lack of capacity-building amongst
the executive agencies.
1. Continuing mandamus
 frequent reports from governmental agencies
on the progress made - Silent Valley - Tehri -
 rigorous standard of judicial review
Calcutta Taj Hotel Case (migrating birds)
Tarun Bharat Sangh, Alwar v. Union of India
(1992)
YOUTH-ENTERPREURSHIP-
ENVIRONMENT
 The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia
and the Pacific (ESCAP) organised the NGO Symposium on
Developing Partnership Strategies for Sustainable Development in
2000 in Kitakyushu, Japan. The Symposium held discussion on
eight issues of which two were thus
 SPITI ECOSPHERE

1. Spiti Ecosphere is a social enterprise which is a collaborative

effort of the local community of Spiti and professionals from
diverse backgrounds. Their focus is to create sustainable
livelihoods that are linked to nature and culture conservation.
2. Ecosphere was founded in 2006 by Ishita Khanna, an alumnus of
the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, as a combination of three
non-governmental organisations—Muse, Spiti Trans-Himalayan
Action Group (STAG) and Spiti Seabuckthorn Society (SSS
SOME EXAMPLE OF NGOs WORKING IN
ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR
1. FRLHT
2. WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE
3. NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN
4. KERALA SASTRA SAHITYA PARISHAD
5. CP RAMASWAMY AIYAR
6. CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT
CONCLUSION
Environmental non-governmental organizations, in
recent years, have grown in size and in number as
a result of governmental negligence towards the
environmental crisis. existence of NGOs and the
role played by them in the protection of the
environment is not only important but also
necessary because no government alone with any
amount of laws and acts can achieve the objectives
of environment protection without individual and
public participation which can be achieved only
through a network of motivated and dedicated
voluntary organizations, like the NGOs
THANK
YOU