Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
by
Harizakis Costas
Presentation Flow
QoS defined
QoS protocols :
– RSVP, DiffServ, MPLS, SBM
QoS architectures
QoS and multicast environments
Protocol comparison …
… conclusions !
IP-based Networks - Internet Today
Internet today
– Provides “best effort” data delivery
– Complexity stays in the end-hosts
– Network core remains simple
– As demands exceeds capacity, service degrades
gracefully (increased jitter etc.)
The goal :
Provide some level of predictability and control
beyond the current IP “best-effort” service
Fundamental principle
Leave complexity at the “edges” and keep network
“core” simple
QoS Metrics
Performance attributes
– Service availability
– Delay
– Delay variation (jitter)
– Throughput
– Packet loss rate
Vary according to Service Level Agreement
(SLA)
Service Level Agreements (SLA)
QUALITY OF SERVICE PARAMETERS
Service Level Application Priority Mapping
Attributes
– The most complex of all QoS technologies
– Closest thing to circuit emulation on IP networks
– The biggest departure from “best-effort” IP service
Provides the highest level of QoS in terms of :
– Service guarantees
– Granularity of resource allocation
– Detail of feedback to QoS-enabled applications
RSVP
- Integrated Services
IntServ types
– Guaranteed : as close as possible to a dedicated
virtual circuit
– Controlled Load : equivalent to best-effort service
under unloaded conditions
RSVP
- Implementation
Qo S L
e
a n d v el
Filt er
Traffic ion Spec if
ic at ion
at
Spec ific
RESV
PATH
Host A Host B
RSVP
- Implementation
Sender
– PATH message containing
traffic specification (bitrate, peak rate etc.)
Receiver
– RECV message containing
the reservation specification (guaranteed or controlled)
the filter specification (type of packets that the reservation
is made for)
RSVP
- Queuing
Description
– Applied on flow aggregates
– Services requirements are classified
– Classification is performed at network ingress points
– A predefined per-hop behavior (PHB) is applied to
every service class
– Traffic is smoothed according to PHB applied
DiffServ
- Traffic Classes
Classifier Conditioner
Maintains Accumulates
DSCP statistics
mappings and
associations
with local
policies
DiffServ
- Implementation
DiffServ codepoints (DSCPs) redefine the Type-of-Service
(ToS) IPv4 field
Precedence bits are preserved
Type-of-Service bits are NOT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20 3 1 8
20-bits : Label value used for lo okup 3-bits : Reserved 8-bits : Time-To-Live
1-bit : Bottom of Label Stack
MPLS
- Conclusions
Labels can be “stacked”
– This allows MPLS “routes within routes”
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
– Distributes labels across MPLS-enabled routers
– Ensures they agree on the meaning of labels
– Usually transparent to network managers
Implication :
– Define a policy management that distributes labels
SBM
- Subnet Bandwidth Management
SBM Modules
– Bandwidth Allocator (BA)
Hosted on switches
Performs admission control
– Requestor Module (RM)
Resides in every end-station
Maps Layer 2 priority levels and the higher-layer QoS
protocol parameters
SBM
- Conclusions
Host A Host B
Application Application
QoS-enabled
Presentation Presentation
Application
Session Session QoS API
Physical Physical
SBM
End-to-End QoS
Protocol Comparison
ToDo :
– Performance attributes for each class still missing
– Interworking solution for mapping IP CoS to ATM QoS
References
http://www.nortelnetworks.com/solutions/collateral/qos_wp.pdf
http://www.qosforum.com/white-papers/qosprot_v3.pdf
http://www.qosforum.com/white-papers/Need_for_QoS-v4.pdf