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Problems with • Bulk import of raw materials from China with weak rupee triggered the
input costs to go higher.
Eveready
• Rising debt hampered company's profitability.
• PWC resigned citing reservations on June 29 certain inter-group
transactions made by promoter group made during FY19
• Difference of opinion between PwC and Eveready on the recoverability of
inter-corporate deposits given to group companies and corporate
guarantees given on behalf of group entities amounting to Rs 512.26
crore.
• Yes Bank had acquired 9.47% shares of Eveready by invoking pledged
shares following loan default by McLeod
• HC had passed an injunction order restraining from
• selling, transferring, alienating, disposing or creating third party
rights on any of its assets
• carrying out any change in its capital structure, or any corporate or
debt restructuring.
• Deal finalised between Duracell and Eveready pegged EIIL’s enterprise
value (EV) at roughly Rs 2,500 crore
• The deal valued it at twice the current EV.
• EV of EIIL at the time of deal was Rs 700 crore and market cap Rs 550
crore.
• The deal included manufacturing plants, distribution networks and
the brand name, for Rs 1,600-1,700 crore.
• Current Enterprise Value – 946 Crore
Gross Margin
Activity Ratios
Price Ratios
Returns and • The turnover for Q3 was lower than previous year -
Due to adoption of standard, profit before tax for the quarter ended
December 31, 2019 has decreased by 35.50 Lakhs
PE Ratio 4.15x
Debt to Equity History
DATE TOTAL
EQUITY
TOTAL
DEBT
CASH &
SHORT TERM
and Analysis
INVESTMENTS
Debt Level: EVEREADY's debt to equity
ratio (126.4%)
is considered high.
31/12/2019 4,01.601 5,32.889 75.096 Reducing Debt: EVEREADY's debt to equity
ratio has increased from .36 to 1.26 over
the past 5 years.
30/09/2019 4,01.601 5,07.735 75.096
Debt Coverage: EVEREADY's debt is not
well covered by operating cash
30/06/2019 3,75.899 4,34.153 53.676 flow(7,0.0755) (18.7%).
Interest Coverage: EVEREADY's interest
31/03/2019 3,75.899 4,08.028 6.726 payments on its debt are not well
covered by EBIT (2.2x coverage).
DU PONT ANALYSIS
• It started by DU PONT Corporation in 1920
• Framework for analysing the fundamental performance of the company.
• It is a tool to examine the Return on Equity.
• Managers use Du Pont analysis to identify the strengths or weaknesses
• It analyses the major contributory to Return on Equity.
• It focuses on three components:
1. Profit Margin
2. Total Asset Turnover
3. Financial Leverage
DU PONT ANALYSIS
ROE =
ROE =
• - It gives an idea about how management is using its Asset to generate the amount of Sales.
(Asset Turnover) It is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total asset .
• - The percentage of company’s asset that are financed or owed by the shareholder. Conversely, this ratio also shows
( Equity Multiplier/ the level of debt financing is used to acquire asset and maintain operations. It measures the leverage of a company.
Financial Leverage)
CALCULATIONS
• ROE = *100
= 12.72 %
• ROE = X
= 3.174 x 1.247 x 3.211
= 12.72%
• ROE is percentage of last year’s earning against the book value of shareholder’s equity.
• ROE of 12.72% implies that ₹ 0.13 returned on every ₹ 1 invested , so higher the ROE higher
profit company is making
• The industry in working with its in-line industry average of 12.60% and sector average of
12.70%.
• ROE is measured against cost of equity in order to determine the efficiency of Eveready
Industries India’s equity capital deployed.
• ROE of Eveready has fall by 0.83% from the last year.
• The current ROE shows that the company has not taken too much leverage and has ability to
grow its profit
• ROE of company is very useful indicator of business quality to know about companies high
return without too much of debt
• Sale of parcel land in Chennai had helped Eveready industries to increase it PBT to Rs
110 crores.(Increased the stock prices)
• Recently the company has reported that there net profit has increased in the past 9
months
• Eveready’s core business of battery registered a decline of about 16% in its operating
revenue
• The leverage of the company will decline as most of the proceeds of the business will
be used for the repayment of the debt.
M SCORE ANALYSIS
EVEREADY INDUSTRIES LIMITED
₹ Lakhs
PARTICULARS 31-Mar-19 31-Mar-18 31-Mar-17
PPE 33,211.51 35,420.83 33,121.09
TRADE RECEIVABLES 13,604.33 12,060.57 8,386.66
Professor Messod Beneish developed Beneish M-score model in
CURRENT ASSETS 74,946.07 62,447.37 42,189.80
1999 as a complementary forensic tool to Altman Z-score model
CURRENT LIABILITIES 60,687.23 58,398.20 40,955.61
with the aim of protecting shareholders, creditors and bankers in DEPRECIATION 2,183.69 1,924.29 1,493.03
their analyses.
TOTAL ASSETS 1,20,732.93 1,02,874.22 80,528.58
Beneish M-score is a financial forensic tool often used to detect
TOTAL OUTSIDE LIABILITIES 83,143.04 68,601.62 51,578.43
areas of possible manipulation on the company’s financial
PAT 4,782.57 5,315.89 9,532.84
statements by forensic accountants, auditors and regulators
CFO 8,601.03 10,401.43 8,896.72
(particularly the Securities And Exchange Commission - SEC).
SALES/REVENUE FROM
Beneish model is used to discriminate between companies that 1,50,664.14 1,47,526.04 1,42,075.26
OPERATIONS
have manipulated their financial statements. SALES,GENERAL AND ADMIN
The score is determined from eight independent variables and an 21,580 24,920 20,530
EXPENSES
intercept to detect whether the company’s earnings have been COST OF GOODS SOLD 1,16,530 1,09,170 1,00,460
manipulated by management. GROSS PROFIT 34,134.14 38,356.04 41,615.26
OTHER INCOME 3,531.15 1,972.99 957.5
The eight variables were taken from the company’s consolidated financial statements and used to
determine M-score of this study. An M-score obtained that is greater than -2.22 is an indication that
the company’s financial statements may have been manipulated.
Hence, if the score obtained from the computation of the eight variables from EVEREADY’s
financial statements is greater than the cut-off point of negative 2, then it implies that, the financial
statements were manipulated.
This suggests that, the financial statements prepared by management should be investigated further
or have to be investigated further for financial fraud.
M-score model is a probability model, and as such cannot detect 100% manipulation.
Beneish identified that it is possible to determine 76% manipulators accurately and 17.5%
inaccurately as non-manipulator.
The eight variables used to develop the M-score model are:
DSRI: Day Sales in Receivable Index
GMI: Gross Margin Index
AQI: Assets Quality Index
DEPI: Depreciation Index
SGAI: Sales, General and Administrative Expenses Index
LVGI: Leverage Index
TATAI: Total Accruals to Total Assets Index
DAYS’ SALES IN RECEIVABLES INDEX
(DSRI)
𝑇𝑅𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝑅𝐸𝐶𝐸𝐼𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝑂𝐹 𝐶𝑈𝑅𝑅𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅
𝐶𝑈𝑅𝑅𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅 𝑁𝐸𝑇 𝑆𝐴𝐿𝐸𝑆
𝑋 0.92
𝑇𝑅𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝑅𝐸𝐶𝐸𝐼𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝑂𝐹 𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑉𝐼𝑂𝑈𝑆 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅
𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑉𝐼𝑂𝑈𝑆 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅 𝑆𝐴𝐿𝐸𝑆
DSRI is used to measure the changes made in respect of receivables consistent with the changes
made in respect of sales.
A DSRI score of 1.031 or below indicates that, the financial statements in respect of the DSRI were
not manipulated but a score of 1.465 and above indicates that, the financial statements in respect of
the DSRI have been manipulated.
This can suggest either deteriorating economic conditions at a company (i.e. the company is
incentivizing sales by extending more lenient credit terms to customers) the company is having
difficulty in the collection of cash from trade debtors or aggressive accounting (the company is
recognizing revenue before it is earned).
Therefore, a sharp rise in the DSRI score provides signals to the forensic investigators that, the
financial statements are manipulated or terms of credit have changed.
GROSS MARGIN INDEX (GMI)
GMI is used to measure the ratio of a prior year’s GMI to that of the current year.
The GMI score of 1.041 or lower indicates that gross profit of the current period is
not manipulated but a score of 1.193 indicates that gross profit of the company is
manipulated.
Earning quality is a very important aspect for evaluating a company’s financial
health.
This, therefore, creates temptation to manipulate earnings when things are not going
on well.
Financial research shows that public companies with declining profit margins are
more likely to manipulate their earnings.
ASSET QUALITY INDEX (AQI)
AQI is used to measure the proportion of total assets – property, plant and
equipment – current assets of the current year to the previous year.
When an AQI ratio is greater than 1.0 indicates that the company's noncurrent
assets (such as goodwill, intangibles, and other items of uncertain long-term
value) are increasing as a percentage of all assets year over year.
The higher AQI is over 1, the more these soft assets of uncertain quality have
grown compared to the more tangible current assets.
Financial research shows that this decrease in asset quality can be the result of
additional expenses being capitalized to avoid writing-off to the statement of
comprehensive income in order to preserve profit.
SALES GROWTH INDEX (SGI)
SGI is used to measure sales in the current year over the sales of a previous year.
A score of 1.134 or below is an indication of non-manipulation and a score above
1.607 indicates that, the sales figures have been manipulated.
It’s observed that, companies with high growth rate find themselves highly
motivated to commit fraud when the trends reverse.
In such situations, a potential increase beyond a certain percentage may cause
suspicion.
However, taken alone, high sales growth is by no means a negative sign; but, when a
company with high sales growth also scores poorly on other variables measured by
the Beneish model, it can be a significant warning sign to investors.
DEPRECIATION INDEX (DEPI)
DEPI is used to measure the ratio of the depreciation expense against the
company’s value of PPE in the current year against that of the previous year.
A DEPI ratio of 1.001 or lower is an indication that, DEPI has not been
manipulated.
However, a score above 1.077 is an indication that, the company's effective
depreciation rate has slowed year over year.
The higher the DEPI is, the more the depreciation rate has decreased.
This suggests that the company has increased its estimate of its assets' useful lives,
thereby slowing the recognition of expenses and (perhaps artificially) increasing the
appearance of income
SALES, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
INDEX (SGAI)
SGAI is used to measure the ratio of sales, general and administrative expenses
for the current year over the previous year.
A score of 1.001 or below is an indication that SGAI has not been manipulated.
However, a disproportionate increase in sales indicates a negative signal about
the company future prospects.
It represents declining administrative and marketing efficiency.
Financial research shows that public companies may be more likely to engage in
earnings manipulations to cover up deteriorating operational performance.
LEVERAGE INDEX (LVGI)
TATAI is used to measure the difference between accounting profit (or loss) and
cash profit (or loss); the difference is then divided by total assets in order to make
the variable comparable between companies of different sizes.
The growth of TATAI usually indicates that goodwill and amortization numbers in
the financial statements have been tampered with.
Financial research shows that companies that generate large accruals (accounting-
only profits) are likely to be engaging in earnings manipulation.
EIGHT VARIABLE M-SCORE MODEL = -4.84 + (0.92 x DSRI) + (0.528 x GMI) + (0.404 x AQI) +
(0.892 x SGI) + (0.115 x DEPI) – (0.172 x SGAI) – (0.327 x LVGI) + (4.679 x TATAI)
FIVE VARIABLE M-SCORE MODEL = -6.065 + (0.823 x DSRI) + (0.906 x GMI) + (0.593 x AQI) +
(0.717 x SGI) + (0.107 x DEPI)
PARTICULARS 2018-19 2017-2018
DSRI 1.1045 1.3849
GMI 1.1476 1.1266
AQI 2.5120 0.9594
SGI 1.0213 1.0384
DEPI 0.8352 0.8371
SGAI 0.8479 1.1690
LVGI 1.0327 1.0411
TATAI -0.0609 -0.0686
M SCORE -1.9644 -2.4235
5 VARIABLE M-
-1.8050 -2.5015
SCORE
Z-SCORE MODEL
• The Altman Z Score model, defined as a financial model to predict the
likelihood of bankruptcy in a company, was created by Edward I. Altman.
• The purpose of the Z Score Model is to measure a company’s financial
health and to predict the probability that a company will collapse within
2 years.
• The lower the score , the more likely the company is to declare
bankruptcy.
• When Z-SCORE is
Below 1.81 ---- Company is in Financial Distress
Between 1.81 – 2.99 ----- cautious zone
Above 3 ------- Safe
Z-SCORE ANALYSIS
As per Annual Report 2018-19
•
1) = 1.2 = 0.142254
Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/consultancy-/-audit/pwc-resigns-as-an-auditor-of-eveready-industries-citing-inter-group-
transaction/articleshow/70010488.cms?from=mdr
https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/eveready-industries-plunges-13-on-credit-ratings-downgrade-119043000155_1.html